The Formation of Western Europe

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Presentation transcript:

The Formation of Western Europe Chapter 14 The Formation of Western Europe

The Church’s Role Church scholars Were among the very few who could read and write Worked in monasteries Translated Greek and Arabic works into Latin Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available in Europe Laid the foundations for the rise of universities in Europe

England William the Conqueror, leader of the Norman Conquest, united most of England. Common law had its beginnings during the reign of Henry II. King John signed the Magna Carta, limiting the king’s power. The Hundred Years’ War between England and France helped define England as a nation. Evolution of Parliament.

France Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris, and his dynasty gradually expanded their control over most of France. The Hundred Years’ War between England and France helped define France as a nation. Joan of Arc was a unifying factor.

Spain Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and expelled Jews and Moors (Reconquista). Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Charles V. Used the Inquisition to punish heretics.

Russia Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongols, centralized power in Moscow, and expanded the Russian nation. Power was centralized in the hands of the tsar. The Orthodox Church influenced unification.

The Crusades Key events of the Crusades Pope Urban’s speech The capture of Jerusalem Founding of Crusader states Loss of Jerusalem to Saladin Sack of Constantinople by western Crusaders

Effects of the Crusades Weakened the Pope and nobles; strengthened monarchs Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East Left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims Weakened the Byzantine Empire

Economic effects of the Crusades Increased demand for Middle Eastern products Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets Encouraged the use of credit and banking

The Black Death Impact of the Black Death (Bubonic plague) Decline in population Scarcity of labor Towns freed from feudal obligations Decline of Church influence Disruption of trade “Bring out your dead”