WAR IN EUROPE Chapter 24, Section 1

Causes of War  Nationalism- pride in one’s nation, fueled the tension  Imperialism- Power hungry  Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia  Militarism- Policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

“Gang Wars”  Triple Alliance and Triple Entente  France and Germans had gone to War in France lost control of their iron rich territory of Alaska- Lorraine  Balkan peninsula  Albania, Bulgaria,  Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia Most disliked Austria-Hungary  Archduke Francis Ferdinand visiting Sarajevo, Capital of Bosnia  Black Hand (terrorist group) wanted Bosnia to break ties with Austria- Hungary and join Serbia  Gavrilo Princip  Austria accused Serbia  Russia promised to protect Serbia  Austria asked Germany for it’s help  Germany declared war on Russia  Germany declared war on France  Germany tromped through Belgium  Belgium was protected by Britain, So Britain declared war on Germany

Central Vs. Allied  Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman, or Turkish Empire  Allied Powers- France, Britain, and Russia  21 other nations including Italy joined later

Trench Warfare  Germany thought it would be a quick war  “You will be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees”  In reality the war dragged on for four years  Stalemate- deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the others

Trench Warfare Cont.  “The Scene”  Maze of trenches  Some were shallow ditches and other were elaborate tunnels (which would serve as headquarters)  “No Man’s Land”  In between area  First would begin the heavy artillery  “Charge!”  Fight each other with rifles and knives

Trench Warfare Cont.  Needed to find a new way  Chlorine and mustard gas  Choking and blinding soliders  Battle of Verdun  Lasted 10 months and 400,000 Germans died and even more French died  Russia lost more than one million soldiers (1916)

American Neutrality  Who should we help?  Favor allies because of long- standing ties of language, history, and culture through Britain. Including, the French and the US had been allies in the Revolutionary War  However, we are a land of immigrants  8 million of Americans of German or Austrian descent  American Jews favored Germany against Russia Why? (extra credit)  Propaganda-spreading of the ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause

Effects of War  Economy boomed as American farmers and manufacturers rushed to fill orders for war goods  Trade with Allies had increase by 1917  Central also increased by not as much as the Allies  Trade was imbalanced

Submarine Warfare  Britain blockaded German ports  Hoping to starve them out  German set up a blockade around the British- hoping to do the same  U-boats  Germans were attacking neutral ships  Lusitania fell victim  1,  Sussex Pledge