Napoleon Bonaparte 1799-1815

Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign Napoleon took control of Egypt Discovered the Rosetta stone

Napoleon’s Rise to Power Plebiscite Popular vote done by ballot voted for his policies 1802 Consul for life

Order, Security, and Efficiency Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity Napoleon Reforms Order, Security, and Efficiency Replaced Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

Napoleon’s Rise to Power Crowned himself Emperor 1804 Invited the Pope Took crown from Pope Placed it on his own head What does this signify? – (remember Charlemagne)

Napoleon Reforms Napoleonic Code New set of laws based on Enlightenment Women did lose a few rights Made peace with Catholic Church Encourage new industry Built roads and canals for trade Public Schools Opened jobs to all – Meritocrisy

Napoleon’s Empire Annexed Conquered in battle Alliances parts of Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands Conquered in battle Half of Prussia to form Grand Duchy of Warsaw (Poland) Alliances Divorced his wife to marry Marie Louise of Austria

British Opposition to Napoleon 1805 - Continental System No trade between the European continent and Great Britain Failed because European countries needed trade Russia fails to agree with the Trade Embargo… Napoleon attacks Russia. Great Britain responded - Blockades British attacks on American ships still trading with France helped spark the War of 1812 in the U.S.

Napoleon Attacks Russia Napoleon assembled the Grande Armée from 20 to invade Russia in 1812.

Napoleon Attacks Russia Napoleon assembled the Grande Armée from 20 to invade Russia in 1812. Russians abandoned Moscow and used the scorched-earth policy when retreating to starve the Grande Armée.

Napoleon Attacks Russia Napoleon assembled the Grande Armée from 20 to invade Russia in 1812. Russians abandoned Moscow and used the scorched-earth policy when retreating to starve the Grande Armée. Of Napoleon’s original nearly 600,000 soldiers, only approx. 30,000 survived the cold, hungry trek back across Eastern Europe.

Napoleon’s Abdication Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Elba in the Mediterranean.

Napoleon’s Abdication Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Elba in the Mediterranean. Louis XVIII was made king of France

Napoleon’s Abdication Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Elba in the Mediterranean. Louis XVIII was made king of France Napoleon escaped from Elba and Louis XVIII fled.

100 Days The 5th Regiment was sent to intercept him and made contact just south of Grenoble on 7 March 1815. Napoleon approached the regiment alone, dismounted his horse and, when he was within gunshot range, shouted, "Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish.“ The soldiers responded with, "Vive L'Empereur!" and marched with Napoleon to Paris.

Battle of Waterloo Loss to the British / Prussian forces at Waterloo, Belgium 1815

Napoleon’s Legacy Controversial historical figure Pros Created Peace in France Developed the Economy Napoleonic Code Cons Absolute ruler Ruled an empire with puppet kings

Sold Louisiana Territory to the United States Napoleon’s Legacy Controversial historical figure Pros Created Peace in France Developed the Economy Napoleonic Code Cons Absolute ruler Ruled an empire with puppet kings Sold Louisiana Territory to the United States to help pay for wars in Europe

Results of the Congress of Vienna Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia sought to: Restore the Old Regime Establish a balance of power and Peace in Europe Principle of “Legitimacy”

Results of the Congress of Vienna For the most part, large-scale war was avoided for 100 years (until World War I in 1914) Failure to realize the power of Nationalism Extreme pride in one’s own country