U.S. ECoS U.S. Eastern Continental Shelf Carbon Budget: Modeling, Data Assimilation, and Analysis A project of the NASA Earth System Enterprise Interdisciplinary.

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U.S. ECoS U.S. Eastern Continental Shelf Carbon Budget: Modeling, Data Assimilation, and Analysis A project of the NASA Earth System Enterprise Interdisciplinary Science Program Start Date: Summer 2004

U.S. ECoS Science Team: Eileen Hofmann (ODU): project oversight, 1D modeling Marjorie Friedrichs (ODU): 1D modeling and data assimilation Chuck McClain (GSFC): project oversight, remote sensing data Sergio Signorini (GSFC): satellite data analysis Antonio Mannino (GSFC): carbon cycling Cindy Lee (SUNY-SB): carbon cycling Jay O’Reilly (NOAA): satellite-derived data sets Dale Haidvogel (RU): ROMS circulation modeling John Wilkin (RU): ROMS circulation modeling Paul Goodard (RU): ROMS circulation modeling Katja Fennel (RU): biogeochemical modeling Sybil Seitzinger (RU): food web and nutrient dynamics Jim Yoder (URI): food web and nutrient dynamics Ray Najjar (PSU): oxygen data, climate modeling David Pollard (PSU): climate modeling

U.S. ECoS 1. What are the relative carbon inputs to the MAB and SAB from terrestrial run-off and in situ biological processes? 2. What is the fate of DOC input to the continental shelf from estuarine and riverine systems? 3. What are the dominant food web pathways that control carbon cycling and flux in this region? 4. Are there fundamental differences in the manner in which carbon is cycled on the continental shelves of the MAB and SAB? 5. Is the carbon cycle of the MAB and SAB sensitive to climate change? Goal: To develop carbon budgets for the U.S. east coast Research Questions:

Approach Theme 1: Development and implementation of circulation, biogeochemistry, and carbon cycling models for the east coast of the U.S. Theme 2: Data analysis effort – includes historical in situ measurements and satellite-derived data Theme 3: Limited field measurement effort Theme 4: Implementation of data assimilative models Theme 5: Interfacing shelf models with climate models

Theme 1: Circulation and biogeochemical modeling Northeast North American shelf model (NENA)

Theme 1 : Circulation and biogeochemical modeling North Atlantic ROMS Climatological heat/freshwater fluxes 3-day average NCEP winds SSH (m)

Theme 1 : Circulation and biogeochemical modeling WOA98 salinity at 10m for Aug.Modeled salinity at 4m for Aug. 2002

Theme 1 : Circulation and biogeochemical modeling NO 3 Chlorophyll Large detritus Organic matter N2N2 NH 4 NO 3 Water column Sediment Phytoplankton NH 4 Mineralization Uptake Nitrification Grazing Mortality Zooplankton Small detritus Aerobic mineralization Denitrification

Theme 2 : Satellite and in situ data analyses OC4v4Clark CarderGSM01 Intercomparison of Chlorophyll-a Algorithms: May 14, 2000

In situ productivity measurements Satellite productivity measurements Theme 2 : Satellite and in situ data analyses

SAB in situ vs. VGPM2 productivity (PP) estimates

Themes 1 and 2 : Modeling and satellite analyses

Satellite-derived primary production (PP) using VGPM2 VGPM2 applied to NENA-simulated fields Modeled PP using NENA

Theme 3 : Field measurements Compilation of carbon and other relevant biogeochemical data for MAB & SAB Objectives for Data Develop and evaluate algorithms to retrieve estimates of CDOM, DOC, POC, PP & chlorophyll from satellite- derived data sets Provide data for NENA model testing and evaluation Database for the team and on internet for all

Theme 3 : Field measurements one day – 8 hour cruise 4 stations surface water bottom water Mannino/Mulholland Carbon, nutrients, chl a, pigments, absorb., lignin, … Estimate fluxes ARCHIVED SAMPLES 2002 to present CCPO Monthly Chesapeake Bay mouth hydrography cruises

Theme 4 : Biogeochemical data assimilation Developed a 1-D data assimilative ‘Modeling Testbed’ This framework includes: mixing, advection, diffusion, attenuation, sinking subroutines This framework requires: forcing fields: T, MLD, PAR, w, Kv boundary and initial conditions ecosystem model subroutine adjoint of ecosystem model subroutine biogeochemical data for validation/assimilation This framework will be used to: Perform parameter sensitivity/optimization analyses Test new parameterizations and formulations Compare multiple models at a single site Compare model performance at various sites

Theme 5 : Climate Modeling How will coastal regions respond to climate change, and what are the feedbacks on the carbon cycle? Force the model with climate change scenarios: Two high resolution models: RegCM and MM5 Present day scenario: years later scenario:

Summary U.S. ECoS Goal: To develop carbon budgets for the east coast of the United States. Ongoing effort Biogeochemical database for the region Satellite products: chl, PP, CDOM, DOC, POC Simulated fields from the NENA model