Analysis of the field work and the collected information of phase II Gorée, Senegal - June, 2008

Goal of the data analysis  The surveys are only significant and representative at the local level  However, they can be illustrative of the regional dynamics and trends…  The surveys combined with the regional studies and chain analyses provide: a general description of local characteristics a justification of the choice of the selected regions Information to respond to the program hypotheses

Main characteristics of the selected regions Descriptive analysis of the sample

Region 1Region 2Region 3 Main characteristics of the regional sample LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 Global income analysis per quintile Farm income analysis Analysis of the heterogeneity (local level) Country

Level 1: regional data breakdown*  Main characteristic of the regional sample Demography  Size of the household in adult equivalent  Dependency ratio Human capital  Education Social capital  Network index Structure of economic activities  % of HH Global income  Level, distribution and structure of income => which allows to test the differences between regions  Mean: income shares are calculated for each household, and then the mean of the household shares of each type of income is calculated * At the household level per region: mean, median, min/max, standard deviation

Level 2: explanation of the heterogeneity or homogeneity of the regional results  If the analysis of the global income at the regional level gives a high standard deviation => check of the heterogeneity at the local level (locality, community, village) * mean, median, min/max, standard deviation

Sample of region 1 Income quintile Q1 Income quintile Q2 Income quintile Q3 Income quintile Q4 Income quintile Q5 Level 3: Global income classes analysis In order to compare the income structure and their characteristics among the 7 RS countries, we must split our sample into 5 equal rural households’ quintiles from the poorest to the richest This way of calculating the quintiles [or deciles] is different from income distribution analysis (level 1) 20% of HH 20% of income

Structure of global income

Sample of region 1 Income quintile Q1 Income quintile Q2 Income quintile Q3 Income quintile Q4 Income quintile Q5 Level 3: Global income classes analysis Farm income Agricultural wages Self- employment Non agricultural wages TransfersRents Importance of a given income source in the global income at the household level Mono-variable analysis on the main characteristics per income quintile (mean, median, min/max, deviation) => Demography, human and social capital

Level 4: Farm income classes analysis Sample of region 1 Farm income class 1 Farm income class 2 Farm income class 3 Farm income class 4 Farm income class x Mono-variable analysis  > factor endowment : land, workforce, capital and equipment =>Demography, human and social capital

Test of cross-tab analysis on explanatory variables (example) Land size Farm income class 1 Farm income class 2 Farm income class 3 Farm income class 4 Farm income class n < 1 ha 1 – 2 ha 2 – 5 ha > 5 ha

 Number of HHs: n = 300  Probability of having a refrigerator:  If HH 1 has a refrigerator, than:  Durable goods index:  To allow cross-country comparison, the number of durable goods has to be the same in each country Example: Durable goods index Durable goods Region 1 HH1 Refrigerator 54Yes Radio126Yes TV60No Cell Phone81No Bicycle75Yes Motorbike12No Vehicle3No

Response to the main hypothesis of RS Existing processes of differentiation among rural households

H1: segmentation on the basis of market access and integration process  Identification of the integrated chains or variations among chains?  Criteria of integration? Contracts? Structure of the value-chain? Marketing channel?  Characteristics of the HH integrated/ participating in integrated value-chain?  Implications of integration on farm income?

Region 1 Traditional channel (without contracts) Contract channel Age of the chief of HH Education HH size (adult equivalent) Network index of the chief of HH Locality or distance to paved road Farm size (ha) Irrigation ratio Use of fertilizers Permanent employees (#/farm) Casual labor (#/farm) Family labor (% of permanent) Farms with phone (%) Equipped with irrigation system (%) Equipped with transportation (%) Equipment index farms with a packing shed (%) Capitalization level (% of land acquired over the last 5 year) Capitalization level (variation of livestock stock over the last 5 years) % of HH income from farming % of HH income from non agri. activities Access or type of credit

H1: segmentation and integration (result of Thursday’s pm discussion)  1. types of chains with integration  characteristics of product / specific assets / market (product or demand driven)  2. type of marketing (HH level) Spot market Middlemen Monopsony S.Markets  3. formal / informal contracts  4. characteristics of contracts based on: Product characteristics Inputs / services provision  5. Index of integration (% of farm income with integrated chains)  6. Characteristics of the integrated HH  7. Implications of integration on farm income?

H3: Segmentation on the basis of diversification of activities & income  What definition of diversification? Farm / off-farm - Index of diversification?  State of diversification in the selected regions Importance of agricultural income Development of waged labor (agri/non-agri) Other activities and transfers  Characterization of the HH diversifying their activities and income sources  Implication of diversification on global income