(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson Observing Living Things Living things can survive in almost any kind of environment. Living things have features that help them survive. For example,hummingbirds can beat their wings up to 80 times per second, allowing them to hover and change direction rapidly. All living things have needs that must be met if they are to survive. See pages 8 - 9

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Characteristics of Living Things There are 5 characteristics of living things:  Living things respond to their environment  Living things need energy  Living things grow  Living things reproduce  Living things must get rid of waste See page 10

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Examining Very Small Living Things The microscope is used by scientists to observe very small unicellular and multicellular living things. Early microscopes were built in the late 1600’s. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was one of the first people to build a microscope. He could magnify up to 250x, and used it to observe microscopic living things. See page 11 Water flea (Daphnia)

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Compound Light Microscope See pages The compound light microscope has two sets of lenses that magnify an image. Each of the objective lenses has a different magnification power.  Low power = 4x objective  Med power = 10x objective  High power = 40x objective Multiply the objective by the eyepiece for total magnification.  Example: High Power = 40 x 10 = 400 x Do you know all the compound microscope parts?

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Resolving Power The ability to distinguish between two dots or objects that are very close together is called resolving power. See page 14 The human eye has a certain resolving power. You can see the individual dots in diagrams A, B and C. The human eye does not have the resolving power to see the dots in diagram D. Can you think of ways to increase resolving power? Take the Section 1.1 Quiz