Defence Corruption Risk Index of governments A new metric Lunchtime talk, World Bank, March 5th, 2013 Mark Pyman, Director Defence and Security Programme 1

3 RESPONSIBLE ARMS TRANSFERS Implementing strong controls 2 TOOLS, TRAINING RESEARCH Introducing new approaches 1 ADVOCACY and ENGAGEMENT Impacting international & national policy Arms Trade Treaty Companies A-C Index Encouraging IFBEC Defence company engagement Offsets integrity Research Comparative analyses Doctrine Police reform Org’n reform PK tools Bulgaria Chile Kenya Kuwait Malaysia Poland Saudi Arabia Taiwan Turkey Ukraine Government Defence Anti-Corruption Index NATO AU WB UN AU ECOWAS OSCE UNDPKO IAPKTC Media Academies NGOs Development agencies 4 RESPONSIBLE DEFENCE Engaging on practical reforms Training Training development Leader days Workshops War-games Afghanistan Balkans Burundi Colombia Guatemala Honduras Sierra Leone South Sudan Somalia Uganda THE TI DEFENCE & SECURITY PROGRAMME

DEFENCE CORRUPTION - THE PROBLEM DANGEROUS It undermines military effectiveness Poor equipment risks the lives of troops DIVISIVE It destroys citizens’ trust in the armed forces Factional control risks; Regional arms race risks WASTEFUL The defence sector is worth $1.7 trillion p.a. The waste from corruption is in billions of dollars 3

77 questions, scored on a 5-point scale. ‘Model answers’ guide assessor’s responses Questionnaire filled out by an independent assessor, reviewed by two independent peer reviewers; TI National Chapter review, TI-DSP review Government involvement requested, comments on drafts requested Objective answers where possible; reasoned assumptions acceptable where information is lacking. Structured according to the TI-DSP typology of corruption risks. All info publicly available: One page summary, pp country detail INDEX METHODOLOGY

THE GLOBAL RESULTS 6

70% of countries have poor or non-existent controls 50% do not publish their defence budget in any detail 85% have minimal legislative scrutiny of defence policy 90% have no real system for whistleblowing GLOBAL FINDINGS 7

COUNTRY RESULTS AFGHANISTAN - BAND E 39%22% 34%35%17% POLITICAL FINANCIALPERSONNEL OPERATIONS PROCUREMENT + Inspector General system of control in operation + A Military Anti-Corruption unit inside the MOD is in operation + No indication of corruption concerning military-owned businesses + No indications of corruption concerning natural resource links. + Personnel and soldier pay rates are published + Ghost soldiers controlled

WEAK AREAS FINANCE - Unclear responsibility for approving security policy - Indications of criminal penetration into the military PERSONNEL - No scrutiny of secret spending. - No information on off-budget spending - Non-objective recruitment and promotions OPERATIONS - Private Military Contractors need better controls PROCUREMENT POLITICAL - Procurement processes are weak 39% 22% 34% 35% 17%

COMPARISON WITH POST-CONFLICT NATIONS

REGIONAL RESULTS | MENA ANALYSIS

REGIONAL RESULTS | NORTH AFRICA ANALYSIS – NORTH AFRICA

REGIONAL RESULTS | LEVANT + ANALYSIS – LEVANT

Under-perform relative to the CPI Over-perform relative to the CPI

ANALYSIS

17 Legislators: Open defence budget; Scrutiny of policy Civil Society: Open the dialogue with MOD, Armed Forces President and Cabinet Insist that the military and Ministry of Defence be leaders in anti-corruption measures Defence leaders Build a common understanding of defence corruption. Analyse the corruption risks in your defence context. Develop and implement a plan. Work with civil society. RECOMMENDATIONS

1.Analyse and understand the risks 2.Use good diagnostic tools 3.Use surveys and metrics 4.Develop a counter-corruption plan 5.Engage the leadership, build confidence 6.Serious training on counter-corruption 7.Clear conduct standards for officials, officers 8.Procurement reforms; use of monitors 9.Engage media, civil society 10.Work with the defence and security contractors 11.Establish a counter-corruption Director and unit PRACTICAL REFORMS

TI suggested approach Workshop with MOD and military leadership Review corruption risks Outline counter-corruption plan BUILD LEADERSHIP UNDERSTANDING

TRAINING 5 day counter-corruption course OF5 level officers, MOD officials Focus on personal integrity and on corruption prevention Given times to date Nations develop own version Very well received

THE WEBSITE:

Additional detailed slides 22

World Bank control of corruption indicators, Nations can make progress in controlling corruption post conflict

Arresting Corruption in the Police the global experience of police corruption reform efforts A new report from TI-UK’s defence and security programme

25 Main findings 1.Citizens rate police corruption as the top concern in dozens of countries. 2.Reform efforts are often limited and incomplete, especially if undertaken without strong, independent external monitoring. 3.Urgent need for civil society to find more effective ways of contributing to, stimulating and monitoring police anti- corruption efforts.

26 Police corruption: a global issue

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