Good Day 11/20/2015 Starter: What do you know about acids? Today we will be –starting our brief discussion of acids and bases. Starter: What do you know about acids? Today we will be –starting our brief discussion of acids and bases.

Now what is a base? Is it simply the thing you run to in baseball or is there more? A Base is the opposite of an acid. Acids are dangerous because they want to put a hydrogen ion on you, bases want to take a hydrogen off of you. A Base is the opposite of an acid. Acids are dangerous because they want to put a hydrogen ion on you, bases want to take a hydrogen off of you.

Which of the following is worse for you to swallow? Phosphoric Acid Sodium Hydroxide Phosphoric Acid Sodium Hydroxide

Perhaps a surprise Phosphoric Acid is a main ingredient in Coca-Cola (that doesn’t mean it is safe :) Sodium Hydroxide is the 2nd ingredient in Liquid Plumber! Phosphoric Acid is a main ingredient in Coca-Cola (that doesn’t mean it is safe :) Sodium Hydroxide is the 2nd ingredient in Liquid Plumber!

Many cleaners are bases and ridiculously dangerous

Why is that we seem to only know about acids? Movies often use “acid” to eat through metal or throw it on the bad guy to make him dissolve. Most people know that acids can burn and cause harm but not too many know about the dangers of bases. Movies often use “acid” to eat through metal or throw it on the bad guy to make him dissolve. Most people know that acids can burn and cause harm but not too many know about the dangers of bases.

What these acids have in common? And the bases? AcidsBases HCl – Hydrochloric Acid NaOH – Sodium Hydroxide H 2 SO 4 – Sulfuric Acid Mg(OH) 2 – Magnesium Hydroxide HNO 3 – Nitric AcidCa(OH) 2 – Calcium Hydroxide

Yep you figured it out, Acids are all about the Hydrogen and the bases all have the Hydroxide ion (OH). There are some acids that don’t have Hydrogen, and some bases without hydroxide, but we’ll be discuss those on another day.

Na(OH) plus HCl equals Salt Water (OH) -

Properties of Acids and Bases Litmus is an indicator, it changes color when it comes in contact with an acid or a base. (remember blue=base)

Acids and bases have many uses around the home and in industry.

QuestionSummary of Answer What is an acid? An acid is a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red. What is a base? A base is a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue. What are uses of acids and bases? Uses of acids include cleaning products, fertilizers, and car batteries; uses of bases include cleaning products, baking ingredients, and cement manufacturing.

The table lists some commonly encountered acids and bases.

NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 OH

The pH Scale pH is a measure of the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution. A pH of 14 means that there are 1x H + Ions. We use the logorithim of the concentration because it is easier to use. pH is a measure of the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution. A pH of 14 means that there are 1x H + Ions. We use the logorithim of the concentration because it is easier to use.

The pH Scale A low pH tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is high.

The pH Scale In contrast, a high pH tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is low.

Acid-Base Reactions A reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization. An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.

Acid-Base Reactions Each salt listed in this table can be formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.

Previewing Visuals Q. What is a neutral solution? A. A neutral solution is one that has a pH close to 7. Q. What is neutralization? A. Neutralization is a reaction between an acid and a base.

Video Links Link to Acid Base demos