The Scientific Revolution

The Foundations Socrates From Ancient Greece From Ancient Greece Great philosopher and thinker Great philosopher and thinker Developed the Socratic Method Developed the Socratic Method Socratic Method Socratic Method Basically, asking questions to answer questions

Ptolemy Greek, alive around 168 CE Greek, alive around 168 CE Created a map of the world, (known world at the time) Created a map of the world, (known world at the time) It was somewhat accurate, but information on the far east was highly flawed. It was somewhat accurate, but information on the far east was highly flawed. Also spent time creating the “Ptolemaic System” a view of a geocentric solar system Also spent time creating the “Ptolemaic System” a view of a geocentric solar system

Ptolemaic System Basic Principal: The Earth is where we live and where life is, so it MUST be the focus because it deserves respect. Basic Principal: The Earth is where we live and where life is, so it MUST be the focus because it deserves respect. Everything else must circle around it Everything else must circle around it

You say you want a new revolution? Early ‘science’ based on reasoning, not true scientific work Early ‘science’ based on reasoning, not true scientific work Basically, “I think this is the case because....” Basically, “I think this is the case because....” The revolution is the change FROM reasoning and inductive thought TO observation and deductive thought The revolution is the change FROM reasoning and inductive thought TO observation and deductive thought

Copernicus Full Name: Nicholaus Copernicus Full Name: Nicholaus Copernicus When: 1473 – 1543 When: 1473 – 1543 Where: Present day Poland Where: Present day Poland What: Astronomer and Mathematician What: Astronomer and Mathematician Significance: Significance: Developed Heliocentric model of Universe Developed Heliocentric model of Universe Calculated tilt and rotation of earth in relation to sun, and supported it with math. Calculated tilt and rotation of earth in relation to sun, and supported it with math. Additional support came from observation of stars, etc. Additional support came from observation of stars, etc.

Copernicus drawbacks Math was not simple, it required several assumptions that, at the time, could not be proven. Math was not simple, it required several assumptions that, at the time, could not be proven. He retained the circular orbit system He retained the circular orbit system

Copernicus Strengths He did work out his system in full mathematical detail, regardless of complexity He did work out his system in full mathematical detail, regardless of complexity MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION MOST SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION He combined math AND physics to support his theories, adapting physics to conform to his view of the universe

Galileo Full Name: Galileo Galilei Full Name: Galileo Galilei When: 1564 – 1642 When: 1564 – 1642 Where: Italy Where: Italy What: Astronomer and Philosopher What: Astronomer and Philosopher Significance: Significance: Created theories about bodies in motion Created theories about bodies in motion Pendulums Pendulums Rate of decent (9.8 meters per second squared) Rate of decent (9.8 meters per second squared) All bodies fall at same rate All bodies fall at same rate

Galileo Contributions Built his own telescope (first one of its kind) Built his own telescope (first one of its kind) His discovery of the phases of Venus is the one thing that supported Copernicus’s theories about the Solar System. His discovery of the phases of Venus is the one thing that supported Copernicus’s theories about the Solar System. Attacked by the church for his support of Copernicus’s theories. Attacked by the church for his support of Copernicus’s theories. Was forced to recant his writings and spend the rest of life under house arrest or die. Recanted. Was forced to recant his writings and spend the rest of life under house arrest or die. Recanted.

Bringing Home the Bacon Full Name: Sir Francis Bacon Full Name: Sir Francis Bacon When: 1561 – 1626 When: 1561 – 1626 Where: England Where: England What: Philosopher What: Philosopher Significance: Significance: Believed scientist should come up with accurate information Believed scientist should come up with accurate information Developed the Scientific Method Developed the Scientific Method