Maps, Scale, Space and Place The cartography of geography

Maps Maps are used daily Come in different shapes or sizes Have different projections Geoid- a bumpy sphere Map projections are ways to show a 3d surface on a 2d paper

Projections Mercator projection- accurate compass direction, distorted land mass, STRAIGHT LINES Created by projectiong a globe onto a cylinder Fuller Projection- Accurate land mass, really crappy sense of direction Robinson Projection- Rounded corners, the main type Azimuthal Projections- paper off a globe

Whats the best type? NONE! It depends on use and application

Scale Scale= THE RATIO between the size on the map and the size on the earth Small scale= large regions Large scale= small regions Resolution= the smallest object you can see

Types Reference maps show places, helps you locate things and navigate Thematic maps= have themes Isoline = contour lines on topographic maps Topographic maps= show elevation

Symbols + Proportional symbols indicate the relative size Location charts show how information is mapped Dot maps show location Choropleth maps use color to show things Cartogram= political unit with the most of a given value is the largest Visualizations= 3d computer maps

Cognitive maps Maps made up in your mind Studied by behavioral geographers Includes hazards Can be different on how people see the world Preference maps= idea on quality of life

Cordinate system The use of Longtitude and Latitude to find absolute location Site= physical and cultural features of a place, does not include surrounding data Situation- relative location- described b y using surounding data Absolute distence= measured Reletive= not Connectivity= Topological space Is Florida closer to Hawaii or Cuba?

Time-space Convergence The EARTH IS GETTING SMALLER? Yes Transportation is getting quicker

Complementarity The ability for a place to supply what another place demands Intervening oppertunities- the oppunities that we don’t have because of environment Transferability= cost of trasportation

Tobler’s 1 st law of Geography Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distent things

Distence decay Distence decay is the idea that a places sphere of influence decreases because of the friction of distence Gravity model, uses Newton’s law to describe this phenomina Law of Retail Gravitation- large cities will get people because of their influence Breaking point= where a cities influence ends Spatial diffusion- how ideas and things diffuse to another area Expansion diffusion- thing remains in origin and expands Contagious diffusion- trasfered by being close Hierchical diffusion- trasmission because interation overcomes distence Relocation difffusion occurs when people migrate

Physical aspects? Physical boundries help create barriers Adds to space