BIOLOGY 12 Cell Structure and Function Review

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1. Nucleus nickname: “The Control Center” function: holds the DNA includes: nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Ribosomes function: makes proteins found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) nickname: “Roads” function: the internal delivery system of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 types: 1. rough ER:  rough appearance because it has ribosomes  function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum cont. 2. Smooth ER: huge surface area for chemical reactions to take place can have different functions depending on the cell type  NO ribosomes  function: makes fats or lipids examples: synthesis of lipids metabolism of carbohydrates detoxification of drugs / poisons

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Complex Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4. Golgi Complex nickname: “The Shippers” function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell appearance: stack of pancakes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. Lysosomes: circular, membrane enclosed sacs of digestive enzymes these enzymes can digest lipids, proteins, complex carbohydrates and nucleic acids nickname: “Clean-up Crews” function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells. -digest old cell parts -intracellular digestion ex: WBC’s

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6. Mitochondria site of cellular respiration  converts chemical energy into ATP (usable energy) double membrane organelle, contains own DNA and ribosomes nickname: “The Powerhouse” function: energy formation breaks down food to make ATP  ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7. Vacuoles function: stores water this is what makes lettuce crisp  when there is no water, the plant wilts

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8. Chloroplasts site of photosynthesis  converts solar energy into chemical energy double membrane organelle, contains own DNA and ribosomes. function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

chloroplasts

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9. Cell Wall function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Mitochondria & Chloroplast Working Together _cellenergy/

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells PlantAnimal