General Science

POPULATION

Thomas Malthus  LinearversusExponential

Population Numbers 1800  United States Population: 5,308,483  World Population: ~1,000,000,000

Where are We Today?  United States Population: 307,339,534  World Population: 6,781,576,663

World Vital Events 2007 TimeNatural Increase Year77,257,452 Month6,438,121 Day214,604 Hour8,942 Minute149 Second2.5

Life Expectancy has changed over the years YearsUSABotswana

Life Expectancy at birth ( ) source UN Statistics Division CountryMaleFemaleInfant MR U.S.A China Japan Zimbabwe Sierra Leone

CLIMATE CHANGE

Natural Greenhouse Effect  Greenhouse effect  Greenhouse gases

Source: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 2004

Projected Surface Annual Air Temperature Changes C +12C +6C

Greenland Ice Sheet Melt

Projected Sea Level Rise

Projected Sea Ice Extent

Meeting the Climate Challenge January 2005 Climate change represents one of the most serious and far-reaching challenges facing humankind in the twenty-first Century. The international consensus of scientific opinion, led by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is agreed that global temperature is increasing and that the main cause is the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as a result of human activities. Scientific opinion is also agreed that the threat posed will become more severe over coming decades.

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report 11/2007  Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level

IPCC AR4 Synthesis Report 11/2007  North America  Warming in western mountains is projected to cause decreased snowpack, more winter flooding, and reduced summer flows, exacerbating competition for over-allocated water resources;  In the early decades of the century, moderate climate change is projected to increase aggregate yields of rain-fed agriculture by 5- 20%, but with important variability among regions. Major challenges are projected for crops that are near the warm end of their suitable range or which depend on highly utilized water resources;  During the course of this century, cities that currently experience heatwaves are expected to be further challenged by an increased number, intensity and duration of heatwaves during the course of the century, with potential for adverse health impacts;  Coastal communities and habitats will be increasingly stressed by climate change impacts interacting with development and pollution.

CO2 Emissions 2006

Sea Ice sets New Record 9/16/07

OCEAN WORLD Fish Catch

Biomass 1900 (tons/sq. km)

and in 2000

Reconciling Fisheries with Conservation: the Challenge of Managing Aquatic Ecosystems by Daniel Pauly Sea Around Us Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Fourth World Fisheries Congress, Vancouver, May 2-6, 2004

Net losses: Industrialized fishing hits fish stocks (Cover: swordfish photographed in Sardinia, Italy, by Norbert Wu.) Analysis of data from five ocean basins reveals a dramatic decline in numbers of large predatory fish (tuna, blue marlins, swordfish and others) since the advent of industrialized fishing. The world's oceans have lost over 90% of large predatory fish, with potentially severe consequences for the ecosystem. These findings provide indirect support for goals established at the UN's World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg last year. UN officials argued that three-quarters of the world's fisheries were fished to their sustainable limits or beyond, and made proposals for the restoration of depleted fisheries by Data on predatory fish are important as they are not dependent on datasets from commercial fisheries, which can be unreliable.