47 Beginning of the chapter

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47 Beginning of the chapter Lactose intolerance and genetics (Lactose Sensor)

SENSORS LACTOSE SENSOR Lactose intolerance

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance Lactose cannot be directly absorbed in the intestine Glucose GLU LACTOSE The lactase enzyme breaks down lactose into smaller parts GAL Galactose GLU GAL Lactase gene

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance GLU LACTOSE GAL LACTOSE GLU GAL Age++ Lactase gene

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance 1 of 6 people: the lactase enzyme is gradually switched off Moderate symptoms Severe symptoms Mild symptoms Lactase enzyme Lactose intolerance 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Age (years)

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance GLU LACTOSE GAL LACTOSE GLU SNP GAL Age++ Lactase gene

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance 5 of 6 people: the lactase enzyme is constantly produced 1 of 6 people: the lactose enzyme is gradually switched off Moderate symptoms Severe symptoms Mild symptoms Lactase enzyme Lactose intolerance 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Age (years)

Lactose (in)tolerance Genetic variation originated in an European GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance Genetic variation originated in an European

Lactose (in)tolerance Shortage of food caused the death of many people GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance Shortage of food caused the death of many people

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance Milk as an additional food source = survival advantage

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance Lactose tolerant Lactose intolerant

Lactose (in)tolerance GENETICS Lactose (in)tolerance Lactose tolerant Lactose intolerant

Various forms of lactose intolerance LACTOSE SENSOR Various forms of lactose intolerance Primary lactose intolerance 20% of people Occurs with increasing age Secondary lactose intolerance Acquired (non-genetic) Disease / intestinal damage Congenital lactose intolerance Genetic variation in the lactase gene Very rare Occurs in newborns Milk protein allergy 3% of babies Lactase gene Age++ GLU GAL Lactase gene Age++

What is the relationship between age and lactose intolerance? LACTOSE SENSOR What is the relationship between age and lactose intolerance? 0 1 5 16 30 50 80 PRIMARY BABY Sensor Congenital LACTOSE SENSOR MILK ALLERGY ALLERGY SENSOR SECONDARY LACTOSE INTOLERANCE Standard lactose intolerance (breath) test

Lactose intolerance and genetics 47 End of the chapter Lactose intolerance and genetics (Lactose Sensor)