Earthquake Test Review Next Which type of stress stretches rock? Tension Compression Diversion Shearing.

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Presentation transcript:

Earthquake Test Review Next

Which type of stress stretches rock? Tension Compression Diversion Shearing

This is a break or a crack in the rock. Fault Fissure Fracture Mine

This type of fault is caused by compression. Normal Reverse Strike-slip Oblique strike-slip

The type of fault shown below: Normal Reverse Strike-slip Oblique strike-slip

Which type of stress creates the fault below: Tension converging compression shearing

The location where an earthquake begins epicenter fault line focus seismograph

The point directly above the focus. Seismogram Epicenter Stress Fracture

All earthquakes happen at plate boundaries True False

The waves that move out in all directions from the focus on an earthquake. Seismic waves Sonic waves Sound waves Sonar waves

Type of seismic wave that does the most damage. Primary Wave Secondary Wave Surface Wave Sound wave

The first type of wave to arrive at a seismograph station. Primary Wave Secondary Wave Surface Wave Sound wave

This type of wave travels only through solids. Primary Wave Secondary Wave Surface Wave Sound wave

How many seismograph stations are needed to determine the epicenter? One Two Three Four

This measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. Intensity Strength Depth Magnitude

The magnitude scale used today. Mercalli scale Richter Scale Moment Magnitude Scale Seismograph Scale

Earthquakes can be predicted. True False

Woohoo! You finished the review. Good job!

Types of Stress  Three main types of stress: –Tension: rocks are stretched –Compression: rocks are squeezed –Shear:rocks slide horizontal in opposite directions 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

Fractures and Faults  A fracture is a break or crack in rock. If rock on side of a fracture has moved relative to the other side it is called a fault. Three main types of faults Normal faults Reverse faults Strike-slip faults 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

Reverse Faults  Reverse faults result from compression stress and slope at an angle.  Hanging wall up relative to footwall. 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

Normal Faults  Normal faults result from tension stress and slope at an angle.  Hanging wall down relative to footwall. 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

Strike-Slip Faults  Strike-slip faults result from shearing stress and are often vertical.  San Andreas Fault in California. (p.212) 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

Focus & Epicenter  The focus is the location on the fault where an earthquake begins. 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries The closer the focus is to the surface, the stronger the shaking will be. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Return to quiz

Focus & Epicenter  The focus is the location on the fault where an earthquake begins. 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries The closer the focus is to the surface, the stronger the shaking will be. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Return to quiz

Earthquakes Away from Plate Boundaries 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries  Not all earthquakes happen at plate boundaries.  New Madris Earthquakes of 1911 Millions of years ago, a long zone of intense faulting was formed when the crust began to pull apart, but did not break completely. Today, the crust is being compressed, or squeezed together. (p. 246) Return to quiz

Seismic Wave Waves move outward from the focus in all directions. 3 main types of seismic waves.  Waves of energy that are produced at the focus of an earthquake. 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Return to quiz

3. Surface Waves 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Return to quiz

1. Primary Waves (P-waves) 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Return to quiz

2. Secondary Waves (S-waves) 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Return to quiz

Locating an Epicenter  Triangulation is used to locate the epicenter. This method is based on the speeds of the seismic waves. At least three seismographs must record the distances. 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes Return to quiz

Measuring Earthquake Size  Magnitude measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. Determined by the buildup of elastic strain energy in the crust, at place where rupture occurs Magnitude scale is based on record of height of ground motion and ranges from 0–9. Richter Magnitude Scale 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes Return to quiz

Moment Magnitude Scale  Used today because it is a more accurate scale for measuring earthquake size. Based on the amount of energy released during an earthquake. 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes Return to quiz

Predicting Earthquakes  At this time, geologists cannot predict earthquakes.  Geologists can, however, determine the seismic risk by locating active faults and where past earthquakes have occurred.  Geologists create seismic risk maps. (p.274) 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes Return to quiz