WWI Congress approves declaration of war, but what about getting the American people behind it? Congress approves declaration of war, but what about getting the American people behind it? Wilson ran for reelection in 1916 with the slogan “He Kept Us Out of War.” Now he has to get the public who supported neutrality and noninvolvement behind the war effort. Wilson ran for reelection in 1916 with the slogan “He Kept Us Out of War.” Now he has to get the public who supported neutrality and noninvolvement behind the war effort. What should he do? What should he do?

What does he do? Hires George Creel to start the Committee on Public Information

What does the Committee on Public Information do? Oversees all war-related news Oversees all war-related news Produces films Produces films Hires lecturers called “Four Minute Men” who deliver 7.5 millions talks Hires lecturers called “Four Minute Men” who deliver 7.5 millions talks Creates propaganda posters to generate support and sell bonds Creates propaganda posters to generate support and sell bonds

Over There As sung by early-20th century recording artist Billy Murray: Billy MurrayBilly Murray Verse 1 Verse 1 Johnny,[2] get your gun, get your gun, get your gun. Johnny,[2] get your gun, get your gun, get your gun.[2] Take it on the run, on the run, on the run. Take it on the run, on the run, on the run. Hear them calling you and me, Hear them calling you and me, Every Son of Liberty. Every Son of Liberty.Son of LibertySon of Liberty Hurry right away, no delay, go today. Hurry right away, no delay, go today. Make your Daddy glad to have had such a lad. Make your Daddy glad to have had such a lad. Tell your sweetheart not to pine, Tell your sweetheart not to pine, To be proud her boy's in line. To be proud her boy's in line. Verse 2 Verse 2 Johnny, get gun, Johnny, get gun, Johnny, show the "Hun"[3] you're a son-of-a-gun. Johnny, show the "Hun"[3] you're a son-of-a-gun.Hun[3]Hun[3] Hoist the flag and let her fly Hoist the flag and let her fly Yankee Doodle[4] do or die. Yankee Doodle[4] do or die. Yankee Doodle[4] Yankee Doodle[4] Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit. Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit.kit Yankee[5] to the ranks from the towns and the tanks.[6] Yankee[5] to the ranks from the towns and the tanks.[6][5][6][5][6] Make your Mother proud of you Make your Mother proud of you And the old red-white-and-blue[7] And the old red-white-and-blue[7]red-white-and-blue[7]red-white-and-blue[7] Chorus Chorus Over there, over there, Over there, over there, Send the word, send the word over there Send the word, send the word over there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are comingYanks The drums rum-tumming everywhere. The drums rum-tumming everywhere. So prepare, say a prayer, So prepare, say a prayer, Send the word, send the word to beware - Send the word, send the word to beware - We'll be over, we're coming over, We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over, over there. And we won't come back till it's over, over there.

Why? Unite a multicultural society (with German-Americans as the largest ethnic group) behind the war effort Unite a multicultural society (with German-Americans as the largest ethnic group) behind the war effort Attract men to the armed services, get people to support them Attract men to the armed services, get people to support them Sell war bonds and conserve Sell war bonds and conserve Influence citizens to stop others from making anti-war and anti-draft comments, and striking Influence citizens to stop others from making anti-war and anti-draft comments, and striking

What do you think? Is government sponsored propaganda during wartime a good thing? Is government sponsored propaganda during wartime a good thing? Should your 1 st Amendment rights be protected during wartime? Should your 1 st Amendment rights be protected during wartime?

End of WWI (now you can take some notes) Schenck V. U.S Schenck V. U.S st Amendment right to free speech could be restricted during wartime when words could cause “clear and present danger” like shouting fire in a crowded theater 1 st Amendment right to free speech could be restricted during wartime when words could cause “clear and present danger” like shouting fire in a crowded theater

Red Scare The Bolsheviks Revolution in Russia and its attack on capitalism and American beliefs led to an intense fear of communism The Bolsheviks Revolution in Russia and its attack on capitalism and American beliefs led to an intense fear of communism Communists, socialists, anarchists, labor leaders and immigrants were targets Communists, socialists, anarchists, labor leaders and immigrants were targets Some imprisoned or exiled Some imprisoned or exiled

The Fourteen Points Wilson’s peace proposal included Wilson’s peace proposal included No secret alliances, but open diplomacy No secret alliances, but open diplomacy Freedom of the seas Freedom of the seas Removal of trade barriers Removal of trade barriers Arms reduction Arms reduction Self-determination – right of a people or nation to choose their own government Self-determination – right of a people or nation to choose their own government

Treaty of Versailles Germany had to: Germany had to: War guilt – accept responsibility of causing war War guilt – accept responsibility of causing war Reparations Reparations Demilitarization Demilitarization Loss of territory in Europe and colonies Loss of territory in Europe and colonies League of Nations – a new world peace organization League of Nations – a new world peace organization

Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations rejected by Senate Isolationists in Congress fear U.S. involvement in future wars Isolationists in Congress fear U.S. involvement in future wars Wilson will not compromise on changes Wilson will not compromise on changes Nation sticks with its traditional foreign policy of nonintervention and acting alone Nation sticks with its traditional foreign policy of nonintervention and acting alone Rejection of Treaty by Senate is an example of… Rejection of Treaty by Senate is an example of… Legislative check on Executive power Legislative check on Executive power