Elements of Literature Power Point Series “It’s in the sauce.”

Point of View: Where the Words are coming from. Function:  Provides the reader with the _____ of _________ for the whole story.  Establishes the ______ angle of the story.  Determines the ______ of the story.  1 st ______: “I” tells the story.  We are inside a single person’s ____ and _____, so we see what they see, and the action is _______ to the perspective of one individual.  The narrator then becomes one of the ____________ of the story.

POV continued  3 rd Person _______: A narrator tells the story but only reveals the ____ life of one character.  The protagonist is referred to as “he” or “she.”  (i.e. Harry Potter and Twilight)  3 rd Person ________: A narrator tells the story from an all knowing point of view, revealing the inner life of ___ character they choose.  The protagonist is referred to as he or she.  Multiple ___ characters…epic size story.  (i.e. The DaVinci Code…The Chronicles of Narnia.)

Questions for analysis of Point of View  Why did the author choose this ________ point of view?  What does the ______ of point of view reveal about the author’s overall _______?

Plot: The way the author _______ the events in a story. Function:  Creates the cause/effect ____ that allows the story to ____ together.  Controls the ____ of the story.  Gives the right hints at the right times to ______ the reader in the story.  Introduces, develops, and ________ the key conflicts that make the story worth telling.

Beginning, Middle and End…Duh But it is not that simple. Plot _______ the most important aspects of life. Here are __ ways to look at it.  Exposition…_____ Action…Climax…Resolution.  Traditional view. Stories come full circle.  W…W…W…end. (Should I stay or should I go?)  Confusion and ______ of emotion.  3 Acts: Act I: Define characters, ______, and goals. Act II: Create _______ for characters and bring them to the brink of _______. Act III: Create the _______ moment where the character rises or _____, and then wrap up the story.

Questions for analysis of plot  Why did the author choose to ______ the details the way they did?  Where are the key ________ points in the story?  i.e. exposition to rising action…rising action to climax  Is there anything significant about what the author chooses to _____ ___?  What does the author do to create _______?  Jumps in time or place.  Foreshadowing, back story, etc.  Changes in point of view.  Are there any recognizable ______ in the action?  What events in the story ______ the theme?

Key Terms related to plot  Foreshadowing: Use of an event or plot detail to help the reader _____ at what is coming in the story.  Back Story: The part of a character’s story/past that is ___ ____ directly in the story.  “In Medias Res”: The technique of starting a story in the _____ of an event/conflict, _______ the reader to catch up.  Flashback: A ____ in ____ back to an event that occurred previously to the story’s plot.

Setting: The ____ and place in which the events of a story occur. Function:  Creates the mood and ____ of the overall story.  Establishes the cultural/social ____ of the story.  Transports reader into ____ world. Reader experiences “_______ of disbelief.”

SIFT your way through the setting.  Pay attention to places where the author has _______ the setting in ______ detail.  Pay attention to _____, shape, and _____ of things in the setting.  Pay attention to objects that have inherent symbolic characteristics: bridges, animals or flowers, ______, natural _____, sexual, religious, or _____ symbols, etc.

Questions for analysis of setting?  What characterizes the author’s ____ as he describes the setting? -or in other words- What ____ is established?  What ______ concepts can be best associated with the time and place of the story?  What _____ conflicts are created by the time and place of the story?

Key Terms related to setting  Hyperbole- use of ____ exaggeration to create a ______ effect.  Local Color- use of details that provide _________ to a particular area or _____.  Allegorical- A story where all aspects of the setting take on ______ meanings.  Setting allusion: When the description of a setting _____ a setting from a famous story. (i.e. Duloc = ______, an ideal setting = garden of eden)

Characterization: The methods an author uses to reveal a character’s personality Function:  Reveals the traits, _____, and character ______ that are relevant to the story.  Creates _______ or ______ in the reader to make the story more interesting.  Generates the theme through the character’s ______ and reactions to events in the story.  Gives meaning to ______ in the story.

Methods of Characterization:  Direct description: The author describes the ______ and sometimes ______ traits of the character.  Action: The character is revealed through their _______ and responses to situations.  Reaction of other characters: The character is revealed by the way _____ see them.  Dialogue: The character is revealed by the way they ____.  Internal monologue: The character is revealed through description of their ____ thought life.

Questions for analysis of Characterization?  What does the character ____?  How does the character _____ to conflict in the story?  What ____ has the author revealed?  What kind of character are we dealing with?  Round or ____, _______ or static?  How does the character’s actions create the theme of the story? (i.e. a story about ________ will have a character who struggles to _____.)

Key Terms related to characterization  Protagonist or ______: The main character playing the role of the “good guy” or the main character ____ the role of the “bad guy.” Pro = we are ____ for them. Anti = we are _____ against them.  Flat or Round: Flat ______ reveal only ___ personality trait. Round characters reveal ___ dimensions (sometimes ______ traits).  Static or _____: Static characters do not change. Dynamic characters change and _____.

Key terms related to characterization, con’t:  Foil: When two characters _____ so strongly they create a thematic connection.  Minor character: Characters who are not at the center of the story, but who ______ the plot by their relationship to the major characters.

Allusion: References to meaningful images ______ the realm of the story. Function:  To add an extra _______ to the story.  To make the meaning of the story more ______.  To make the ______ reader feel smarter.

Types of allusions:  Biblical  Mythological  Literary  Popular Culture

Questions for analysis of allusion?  What does the allusion add to the story?  How does the allusion ___ into the ______ of the story?  Is the allusion ______ to be _____?

Irony: A contrast between _______ and _______. Function:  To create ______.  To intensify the _____ of any given scene.  To ______ the emotional tone.

Types of Irony:  Situational: When the ____ of a situation is the _____ of what one would expect.  Verbal Irony: When one person says something, but ____ something else entirely.  Dramatic Irony: When the ____ knows something that the _______ do not.

Questions for analysis of Irony?  What ____ of irony is on ____ here?  Is the author’s use of irony _______?  What does the irony ___ to the ____ of the piece?