Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems – Stop Sign Assist (CICAS-SSA) ITS America 2007 Annual Meeting Session 32 June 5, 2007

Outline –Background –Project Overview –Status –Conclusion –Resources

Background Four CICAS research projects sponsored by USDOT –Cost-Benefit Analysis Tool (USDOT) –Violations (CAMP) –Signalized Left Turn Assist (California) –Stop Sign Assist (Minnesota)

Project Overview CICAS-Stop Sign Assist (SSA) is being done in partnership with: –USDOT/FHWA –Mn/DOT –University of Minnesota-ITS Institute

Background What can Stop Sign Assist do? –Alert of approaching vehicles –Inform of gap size –Warn of insufficient gap –Advise against unsafe actions Assist stopped driver in determining insufficient gap to enter or cross

Background Crashes in rural areas are more severe than in urban areas –70% of all crashes in Minnesota occur in urban areas –70% of fatal crashes occur in rural areas Minnesota’s Trunk Highway System –More rural through/stop intersections (3,920) than all categories of urban intersections (3,714) combined Between , 62% of all intersection- related fatal crashes occurred at rural through/stop intersections

Background Stop Sign Assist is also rooted in previous Intersection Decision Support (IDS) work –Minnesota IDS project focused on identifying driver error causal factors, such as: Driver looks, but does not see other vehicles Driver misjudges gap or speed of approaching vehicles

Background –Reducing Crashes at Rural Intersections: Toward a Multi-State Consensus on Rural IDS TPF-5(086) is focusing on: Characterizing rural intersection crashes throughout United States Identifying regional differences in driver behavior

Project Overview Project goals are: –Identify driver characteristics and driving factors relevant to safe gap acceptance –Develop gap models and algorithms which will drive the timing of information and warnings –Conduct in-vehicle research at the instrumented intersection to provide refined model of gap acceptance and warning timing –Implement a system consistent and interoperable with other Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) programs –Research, design and develop a deployable Driver Infrastructure Interface (DII) –Conduct field operational test to evaluate algorithm effectiveness –Coordinate with CICAS-V, CICAS-SLTA and CICAS-CBAT

Project Overview Minnesota test intersection at US52 and CSAH 9 (Goodhue County)

Project Overview

Project Overview Radar SensorPower, Communication Local Processor

Project Overview Lidar Vehicle Classification

Project Overview Cameras for Crossroad Surveillance (Visible and Infrared)

Project Overview Humans Read Numbers License Plate Reader - Digital Camera - Remote Trip - IR Illuminator

Project Overview Measure gaps as vehicle clears stop line area Add startup time to determine actual gap Correlate gap with: - Vehicle Classification - Turning Movement - Median Wait Time - RWIS Data - Time of Day Owner Demographics

Project Overview Portable Data Collection System

8 channels 3D surround sound Car body vibration Force feedback steering Power-assist feel on the brakes 3-axis electric motion system Ability to model precise reproductions of geo-specific locations Resolution = 2.5 arc-minutes per pixel Project Overview U of M Driving Simulator

Project Overview Infrastructure To Vehicle –Intersection Geometric Map –Intersection state map (location/speed/heading of mainline vehicles within range) –Road weather condition? –Infrastructure gap warning state

Vehicle To Infrastructure –Vehicle classification and characteristics –Turn signal state –Driver gap acceptance parameters –Current in-vehicle gap warning state –Brake state (for future use)? –Anti-lock/traction control state? Project Overview

Baseline Warn Margin Gap Lag Compared to baseline, which concept is effective? Project Overview = Higher compliance AdviseInform/AdviseWarn/Advise

Status IDSCICAS-SSA Gap Model Situation Analysis Concept Study Translation Study DII Concepts Parameters Scope Validation Study Pilot FOT FOT Evaluation Methodology Evaluation Compliant DII Deployable DII Alert/Timing Algorithms CAMP DVI Years One thru ThreeYears Four and Five USDOT Concurrence

Status Cooperative Agreement initiated project in November 2006 Project Management and Risk Management Plans complete Developing Concept of Operations –Situation analysis/functional scope for DII complete Data collected complete in states of MN, WI, MI, IA and NC

Status Main findings to-date: –Mean Accepted Gap = 7.0 Seconds (Ignoring gaps > 10 seconds) –Accepted gap inversely related to traffic volume –Accepted gap bigger with decreased visibility and with increased precipitation –Accepted gap similar for all vehicle classifications (artifact of measuring method)

Conclusion Stop sign gap acceptance is a real problem IDS and CICAS solutions have potential to address the problem Stop sign assistance systems are feasible in a reasonable time period

Resources National CICAS Program – Minnesota IDS Project – tml Reducing Crashes at Rural Intersections: Toward a Multi-State Consensus on Rural Intersection Decision Support TPF-5(086) – atus=4

Resources Ray Starr, Mn/DOT – Ginny Crowson, Mn/DOT – , Max Donath, U of M-ITS Institute – ,