What are cell parts and their functions?

In this PowerPoint you will learn the following:   The names of different cell parts   what function each part has   We will use the analogy of a shopping mall as our example of a cell.

Even if cells are very tiny, they are made up of even smaller parts, each with their own job to do. Called organelles “structures within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells”

As you can see cells have many parts. This week you will learn about some of these parts.

cell wall  The cell wall is only in plant cells.  Its purpose is to shape and protect the cell like  Its purpose is to shape and protect the cell like the outside wall of a shopping mall, which provides shape and protection for it.  Protects the cells of Plants”  “Protects the cells of Plants”

cell membrane  The cell membrane holds and protects the cell. It controls what substances come into and out of the cell  The cell membrane holds and protects the cell. It controls what substances come into and out of the cell like an entrance you have to pass to get into the shopping mall.  “Gate of the Cell”  “Protective layer around ALL CELLS”

cytoplasm  The cytoplasm is the  The cytoplasm is the watery, gel-like material in which cell parts move and cell activities take place like the hallways of the mall where people move.   “Area of Movement”  “Gelatin-like material inside EVERY CELL membrane”

mitochondria  The  The mitochondria produces most of the energy for the cell, like an electrical system of the shopping mall, which supplies electrical energy.   “Powerhouse of the Cell”  “Where the energy in food is stored until it is released”

chloroplast  The  The chloroplast is only in plant cells, like the cell wall. It contains chlorophyll, which captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for the cell like the pizza shop in the mall that makes food.   “Food Producers”   “Site of Photosynthesis in PLANT CELLS”

cytoskeleton  Tiny network of microfilaments  “Acts as additional support or scaffolding within cell”

centrioles  Function during cell division to separate daughter cells

Vacuoles (also called Vesicles)  The  The vacuoles store food, water, and chemicals, like water tank and pipes of the mall, which store water.   “Storage Bubbles”  “Membrane bound spaces for temporary storage in cells”

nucleus  The  The nucleus regulates and controls cell activities, acting like the “brain” of the cell, like the mall office, which regulates and controls activities of the shopping mall.   “Control Center”  “Directs all the activities of the cell”

nuclear membrane  The  The nuclear membrane protects the nucleus and also allow substances to pass in and out of the nucleus, as the cell membrane does the same for the cell like the main office like the walls of the mall and its entrance, which protect the office and let workers in and out.   “Gate of the Nucleus”   “Controls passage of materials into or out of the nucleus”

nucleolus  DNA Chromosomes all piled up in a tangled jumble  Like a bowl of spaghetti  “Small central location of chromosomes in nucleus ”

Chromosomes  The chromosomes  The chromosomes direct the activities of cells like a mall office director who works in the office and directs all the activities of the shopping mall.   “Director of the Cell”   “Chromosomes are made up of the DNA instructions for Cell”

Golgi Bodies  They package and ship substances throughout the cell. It doesn’t really matter what the substance is- their job is packaging.  “UPS for the cell”  Series of flattened membranes that package cellular substances”

Lysosomes  Works like the stomach or the trash can for the cell.  Can break down food, worn out cell parts or the entire cell (when its time for replacement)  “organelles that contain digestive chemicals”

Endoplasmic Reticulum  Works like a highway throughout the cell  Can be Smooth- no bumps or Rough (bumps are Ribosomes)  “A series of rough or smooth folded membranes for movement of materials around in cells”

Ribosomes  Can be free floating or “bumps along the Highway of the Rough ER”  “ Site of Protein synthesis”

Practice

1. Choose the wrong statement from the following. a) Mitochondria produces most of the energy for the cell. b) Chloroplasts are “food producers.” c) Cell wall controls the movements of materials into and out of the cell. d) Nucleus regulates and controls all cell activities, acting as the “brain” of the cell.

2. Match the cell part to the nick name. 1) Cytoplasm 2) Nuclear membrane 3) Vacuoles a. Gate of the nucleus b. Area of movement where cell parts move c. Storage tanks

3. This cell part is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Is it a nucleus? YES or NO

4. This cell part is the powerhouse of the cell. Is it a mitochondria? YES or NO

5. Are these chromosomes? YES or NO