ORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE STUDY OF CARBON- BASED MOLECULES, and molecules made by living things

Proteins Basics Structural molecule of life –The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

Proteins Basics Structural molecule of life –The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

Proteins Basics Structural molecule of life –The reason DNA exists (code for making protein) Increase reaction speed (enzymes) McGraw Hill – ANIMATIONMcGraw Hill

Shape determines function Shape determines their function –What would impact shape of protein molecules?

The building blocks of proteins: Amino acids

WHY IS C SO SPECIAL? 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS!!!!

WHY IS C SO SPECIAL? 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS!!!!

4 valence electrons is important because… –Bonds with many other elements, including other carbons Result: huge, complex molecules)

4 groups of organic compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

4 organic compounds Organic compound Monomer name Labeled Diagram Polymer name Example (if relevant) Function Carbo- hydrates Lipidsxx Nucleic acids x Proteins

How do molecules become big and complex?

POLYMERIZATION When you link up monomers (individual molecular unit), you get polymers –The process is called polymerization –Giant molecules are also called macromolecules

Polymers  Monomers Carbohydrates –a.k.a.polysaccharides Lipids Nucleic acids –Ex. DNA, RNA Proteins –a.k.a.polypeptide chains Monosacharrides N/A Nucleotides Amino acids

POLYMERIZATION terms: Dehydration synthesis: when monomers join together to synthesize polymers, and get dehydrated in the process Hydrolysis: when a polymer is broken into its monomers, and gets hydrated with water molecules in the process

Polymerization Animation links McGraw Hill – with enzymesMcGraw Hill Bonding Animation