C 2 H 6 ethane C 3 H 6 O propanal SO 2 sulfur dioxide CO 2 Carbon dioxide NH 3 ammonia CCl 4 Carbon tetrachloride H 2 O Water C 3 H 9 N Propan-1-amine

Organic Chemistry

Chemistry of carbon compounds First carbon compounds studied came from living organisms ∴ Organic Approx 90% of all compounds are organic Other compounds are referred to as inorganic Over 10 million compounds have been identified o About 1000 new ones are identified each day! What are some properties of Organic Compounds?

Carbon Can create 4 bonds with other atoms It is capable of forming long chains It can create ring structures

Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons often contain long chains of C-C bonds

Naming Organic compounds No. of carbon atoms Prefix MethEthPropButPentHexHeptOct

Alkanes No. Carbons in ChainMolecular FormulaName 1CH 4 Methane

Structural isomers Same molecular formula but different structural formula C 4 H 10 Butane ???

N o of CarbonsNameN o of isomers 1Methane1 2Ethane1 3Propane1 4Butane2 5Pentane3 6Hexane5 7Heptane9 8Octane18 9Nonane35 10Decane75

Butane 2 Methyl Propane Structural Isomers Longest C chain = 3  Propane Methyl Side Chain at 2 position 12 3

Naming Organic Molecules 1.Identify the longest chain of carbons. This determines the parent name 2.Identify suffix (ending) based on family 3.Number the main chain and determine position of any attached groups 4.Name the attached groups using a prefix 5.Designate where the group is attached to the parent chain 6.Alphabetize the groups, combine like groups, and assemble.

6 Ethyl 3,5 Dimethyl Nonane C 13 H Longest C Chain = 9  Nonane 2 Methyl Side Chains at 3 and 5 positions  3,5 Dimethyl Ethyl Side Chain at 6 position  6 Ethyl

NAME

Draw some simple Alkanes 2-methylpentane 3-ethylhexane 2,2-dimethylbutane 2,3-dimethylbutane

Physical Properties of Alkanes Non polar compounds Insoluble in water Less dense than water and so will float on top of the water Dissolve in organic solvents (eg dry cleaning fluid) and in each other (eg Petrol is a mixture of alkanes)

Alkanes show regular increases in bp and mp as molecular weight increases down the homologous series. WHY??

Cycloalkanes C n H 2n

Naming Cycloalkanes Name the alkane based on the number of carbons in the ring