Classification 17.1 & 17.4.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification 17.1 & 17.4

17.1 – The Linnaean System of Classification Key Concept: Organisms can be classified based on physical similarities.

Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still used today. Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system. White oak: Quercus alba

Binomial nomenclature Two-part scientific naming system uses Latin words scientific names always written in italics if typed or underlined if hand written two parts are the genus name and species descriptor

A genus includes one or more physically similar species. Species in the same genus are thought to be closely related. Genus name is always capitalized. A species descriptor is the second part of a scientific name. always lowercase always follows genus name; never written alone

Scientific names help scientists to communicate. Some species have very similar common names. Some species have many common names.

Linnaeus’ classification system has seven levels. Each level is included in the level above it. Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species.

Seven Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

17.4 – Domains and Kingdoms Key Concept: The current tree of life has three domains.

Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera 1959: fungi moved to own kingdom 1977: kingdom Monera split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea Plantae Animalia Protista Archea Monera Bacteria Fungi

Domains The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Domains are above the kingdom level.

Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria one of largest groups on Earth classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused

Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea cell walls chemically different from bacteria differences discovered by studying RNA known for living in extreme environments

Domain Eukarya Includes all eukaryotes Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia