Classification Biology.

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Classification Week 14-A.

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Presentation transcript:

classification Biology

Dichotomous keys A dichotomous key is used to identify organisms. It consists of a series of paired statements or questions that describe alternative possible characteristics of an organism.

Binomial nomenclature In the 1730’s Carolus Linnaeus developed a two word naming system called binomial nomenclature. In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two- part scientific name. e.g. Panthera leo (Genus species)

TEACHERS Larger groups SCIENCE TEACHERS The science of naming and grouping organisms is called systematics. The goal of systematics is to organize living things into groups that have biological meaning. Biologists often refer to these groups as taxa. TEACHERS SCIENCE TEACHERS BIOLOGY TEACHERS

LINNEAN CLASSIFICATION Over time, Linnaeus's original classification system expanded to include seven hierarchical taxa. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kingdom Kings Phylum Play Class Chess Order On Family Fat Genus Guys Species Stomachs

Evolutionary phylogeny The concept of descent with modification led to phylogeny which is the study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another.

Clades A clade is a group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor. Clades are different from Linnaean taxa because clades are monophyletic groups. A monophyletic group includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Another example on Pg. 520

cladograms A cladogram links groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors.

Derived characters A derived character is a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants.

Three domains Genomic analysis has revealed that two main prokaryotic groups are even more different from each other, and eukaryotes, than previously thought. So a new taxonomic category was established.

Three domains A domain is a larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom.

Bacteria – unicellular and prokaryotic Archaea – also unicellular and prokaryotic but live in extreme environments (volcanos, deep sea) Eukarya – consists of all organisms that have a nucleus