Decentralized Governance in Water and Sanitation 26-28th June Mussoorie National Academy of Administration

Water availability in the country 2 Water availability in the country Water Availability in the Country Sl.No. Description Present Policy (BCM) 1 Precipitation 4000 2 Imports from U/S countries (assumed) 400 3 Evapo-transpiration 2520   a) From natural evapo-transpiration 2445 b) From reservoirs and water bodies when storage fully developed 75 4 Gross availability (1+2-3) 1880 5 Water that cannot be stored or used 755 6 Potentially usable water (4-5) 1125 7 Additional usable water from Item 5 a) Rain water harvesting and artificial recharge 30 to 35 b) Interlinking of rivers 200 to 225 Source: Planning Commission, 2009

3 Water stress in India Per Capita Water Availability in India (1951-2050) Water stress indicator Source: United Nations Environmental Program Website 2010 Source: CWC, India

Water Consumption pattern 4 Water Consumption pattern Sector 2010 2025 Irrigation 78 72 Domestic 6 7 Industries 5 8 Power 3 4 Ecology 1 Evaporation Source: Planning Commission, 2009

National Water Policy and vision 2020 5 National Water Policy and vision 2020 National Water Policy 2002 Vision 20/20 Priority- drinking water, irrigation, hydropower and ecology Priority-drinking water, livelihoods, environment, river systems Regulate ground water withdrawals on the basis recharge option and social equity Highest priority to community managed watersheds Priority to drought prone area in project planning Restoring and maintaining traditional sources Improve water use efficiency across the sectors and promote conservation Promote water efficiency for all use

Decentralization Exercise of community participation Local skill development Innovative apporaches

Source: Vishwakarma Associates Recharge Pit Example of Sugana in Nasik with GSDA, Maharastra A pit to capture rain water similar to aquifer by boulders, gravel and sand. Source: Vishwakarma Associates

Temporary roof Temporary roof for rain water collection Presented on how the Aakash Ganga working in rural domestic water harvesting (http://si-usa.org/).

Treatment of sewage Sewage Treated 9 Treatment of sewage Treated water can be used for agriculture rather than ground water recharge Options to reuse treated sewage Industry Sewage Treated Horticulture Domestic

Comparative matrix

Design Criteria 11 Over arching Supports GOI 12TH Five year plan priorities/National water Mission objectives A priority for the USAID Development interventions internal logic High potential for sustainability Cost effective and replicable Bang for the buck High benefit related to risk Direct Community Benefits Enhances livelihoods of marginalized groups Health benefits for women children and elderly Addresses Climate Change Challenge Improves water security Improves food security Leveraging and other Opportunities Provides business opportunities for private sector Collaboration with other bilateral/multilateral donors Opportunities for CSR funding Strengthens knowledge base and capacity building Demonstrates innovative approach Strong Capacity building component

WEIGHTING DESIGN CRITERIA FOR IMPORTANCE   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Design criteria Supports GOI 12th five year plan /NWM Part of USAID priority Cost effective and replicable High potential for sustainability High benefit related to risk Bang for the buck Health benefit for women child & elderly Enhances lively-hoods of margin aliased groups Collaboration with donors Opportunity for CSR Improves water security Improves food security Provides Business opportunity for private Demonstrates innovative approach Strong Capacity Building component 0.5A 1C 1D 2A 1G 1H 1A 1K 1L 2B 1.5B 1B 0.5B 1.5C 2C 0.5C 0.5D 1E 2H 2I 2J 2K 2L 2M 1N 2O 2F 1F 0.5F Health benefit for women and children& elderly 2G 0.5G Enhances livelihoods of marginalized groups 2.L 1I 0.5I 1J 2N 2.5O Provides business opportunity Strong capacity building component Weightage 8 9.5 12 1 6.5 13.5 16 7.5 3 20 19 2 5 8.5

Recommended Interventions 13 13 Recommended Interventions Management of water service including water quality Support Knowledge network WATSAN in drought and flood prone areas Support PPP for water management Support GOI initiative increasing water efficiency Capacity building of local community in climate vulnerable areas Support source protection Support drinking water initiatives Water research studies (quality) Water augmentation for agricultural needs Household level point of use Support development of regulatory mechanism

PRIORITIZING USAID INVENTIONS IN INDIA’S WATER SECTOR Design criteria Supports GOI 12th five year plan/ National water mission Part of USAID priority Cost effective and replicable High potential for sustainability High benefit to risk ratio Bang for the buck Health Benefit for women children and elderly Enhances Livelihoods Collaboration with donors Opportunity for CSR Improves water security Improves food security Provides business opportunity for business sector Demonstrates innovative approach Strong capacity building component Score Rank Support GOI for increasing water efficiency 5 4 3 2 505 1 Support development of regulatory mechanism 306 11 Management of water services including (MIS) on water quality 424 Source protection for drinking water 401.5 Support drinking water initiatives through rain water harvesting 397.5 7 WATSAN in drought and flood) 390.5 8

PRIORITIZING USAID INVENTIONS IN INDIA’S WATER SECTOR cont... 15 PRIORITIZING USAID INVENTIONS IN INDIA’S WATER SECTOR cont... Design criteria Supports GOI 12th five year plan/ National water mission Part of USAID priority Cost effective and replicable High potential for sustainability High benefit to risk ratio Bang for the buck Health Benefit for women children and elderly Enhances Livelihoods Collaboration with donors Opportunity for CSR Improves water security Improves food security Provides business opportunity for business sector Demonstrates innovative approach Strong capacity building component Score Rank Capacity building of community in climate vulnerable 5 4 3 2 463 Support Knowledge network 1 232.5 12 Household level point of use 340.5 10 Water Augmentation for Agricultural needs 459 PPP for water management 399.5 6 Water research studies (quality) 388 9 Weightage 8 9.5 6.5 13.5 16 7.5 20 19 8.5

Priority Investment Option by Issue Intervention Score Rank Support GOI initiative increasing water efficiency 505 1 Capacity building of local community in climate vulnerable areas 463 2 Water augmentation for agricultural needs 459 3 Management of water service including water quality 424 4 Support source protection 401.5 5 Support PPP for water management 399.5 6 Support drinking water initiatives 3975 7 WATSAN in drought and flood prone areas 390.5 8 Water research studies (quality) 388.0 9 Household level point of use 340.5 10 Support development of regulatory mechanism 306.0 11 Support Knowledge network 232.5 12

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