Mircroscopes Tools of Science

Maryland Science Content Standards Students will gather and organize data to defend or argue the proposition that all living things are cellular (composed of cells) and that cells carry out the basic life functions.

Objective Students will use microscopes to observe, describe and compare the cellular composition of plant and animal cells

Notebooks Title:Pond Organisms Date:11/20/2015

Research Go to BrainPop –Log in User name:okla6300 Password:middle –Search Protist –Listen to the movies for all three results: Protists Algae Protazoa

Research (Continued) Click here to find out more about the unicellular organisms:Click here –Euglena (Flagellate) –Amoeba (Ciliates) –Paramecium (Ciliate) –Biepharisma Click hereClick here –Stentor (Ciliates)

Notes to Take What did you learn about: –What it eat? –How it get water? –How it removes waste? –How it survive in its environment? Take notes for each organism on previous slide

Answers Amoeba: –Movement Cytoplasmioc movement Pseudopod –Food Gathered with pseudopod –Engulfs –Stored in food vacuoles –Expels Waste (water) Spherical water expelling vescile

Answers Stentor, Biepharisma and Paramecium : –Movement Cilia –Food Gathered with cilia –Makes a current to sweep bacteria and other food particles –Stored in food vacuoles –Expels Waste (water) Contractile vacuoles –Survival Stentor: symbiotic relationship with algae for food Paramecium: trichocyts (tiny filaments shot at predators) Biepharisma: Cilia on all sides, fast, can spin in circles

Euglena –Movement: Flagellum –Undulipodium Changes shapes with movement –Food: Photosynthetic (chloroplasts Stores energy in storage grains –Water: Removed by contractile vacuoles Answers

Magnification Your microscope has 3 magnifications: Scanning, Low and High. Each objective will have written the magnification. In addition to this, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a magnification. The total magnification is the ocular x objective MagnificationOcular LensTotal Magnification Scanning 4X10X40X Low Power 10X 100X High Power 40X10X400X

Using a Microscope Focusing Specimens 1. Always start with the scanning objective. Odds are, you will be able to see something on this setting. Use the Coarse Knob to focus, image may be small at this magnification, but you won't be able to find it on the higher powers without this first step. Do not use stage clips, try moving the slide around until you find something. 2. Once you've focused on Scanning, switch to Low Power. Use the Coarse Knob to refocus. Again, if you haven't focused on this level, you will not be able to move to the next level. 3. Now switch to High Power. (If you have a thick slide, or a slide without a cover, do NOT use the high power objective). At this point, ONLY use the Fine Adjustment Knob to focus specimens. 4. If the specimen is too light or too dark, try adjusting the diaphragm.

Drawing Your Specimen Drawing Specimens 1. Use pencil - you can erase and shade areas 2. All drawings should include clear and proper labels (and be large enough to view details). Drawings should be labeled with the specimen name and magnification. 3. Labels should be written on the outside of the circle. The circle indicates the viewing field as seen through the eyepiece, specimens should be drawn to scale - ie..if your specimen takes up the whole viewing field, make sure your drawing reflects that.

Assignment Take an organism sample vial Record in your notebook the type of organism in your vial Place the organism under the microscope and follow directions on how to use the microscope (next slide) Draw a picture Record how it moves Record what organelles you see Click here to find out more about the organismClick here

Notebooks Create a chart OrganismDiagramMovementOrganelles

Questions What did you find? How do you know it was living? Is the organism unicellular or multi- cellular? Explain your response. What organelles can you see? How do you know?

Conclusion What parts of the cell theory are represented in this lab? Explain your response If placed in saltwater, these organisms would not survive. Explain why using information from your reading to support your response.