Cellular Organelles: How is structure related to function?

Plasma Membrane Structures: – Phospholipid bilayer – Integral Proteins – Glycolipids – Peripheral Proteins Functions – Control what enters and leaves – Identifies the cell

Nucleus Structures: – Nuclear Envelope Membrane Pores – Chromatin – Nucleolus Functions: – Control what leaves/enters the nucleus – Storage of DNA – Manufacture Ribosomes

Ribosomes Structures: – Large Subunit – Small Subunit – RNA – Docking stations for tRNA – Protein Functions: – Dock tRNA to the RNA code – Drop off Amino Acids – Generate proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum Structures: – Large membrane channels – Small membrane tubes – Ribosomes Functions – Proteins are made and enter the channels – Directed towards the outside of the cell

Golgi Apparatus Structures: – Membrane Sacs (Cisternae) – Incoming vesicles – Outgoing vesicles Functions: – Receive proteins – Process proteins – Package proteins – Ship them out of the cell

Vesicles Structures: – Phospholipid bilayer – Contents Enzymes Food Water Functions: – Breakdown old cell parts – Storage

Mitochondria Structures: – Outer Membrane – Inner Membrane (Cristae) – Matrix Functions: – Cellular Respiration – Concentration Gradient – ATP Synthase embedded in the cristae

Chloroplasts Structure: – Inner/Outer Membrane – Stroma – Grana – Thylakoids Functions: – Concentration gradient – Pigments for Photosynthesis embedded in the membranes – Make sugars!