ART of the s the door opens to the Baroque Mannerism replaces Classic perfection Counter-Reformation in Italy and Spain Louis XIV in France Mannerism ( ) bridges the stability and classicism of the Renaissance with the restlessness and drama of the Baroque Rome sacked by Spain in 1527 Spain and Italy become centers of Counter Reformation An international court culture develops, centered in France with Louis XIV; great artists and musicians are shared, creating grand and impressive works for aristocracy Zaccari, Rome, entrance portal, 1593

Mannerism….how can you beat Renaissance perfection??? The Martyrdom of St. Maurice And the Theban Legion, El Greco, Jesus over paganism Tintoretto, Last Supper, 1592 Crowd the composition Tilt the planes Elongate the bodies

Mannerism ( ) a stylistic period between High Renaissance and Baroque something that is affected or exaggerated younger painters had to live up to legends of Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael and knew they couldn’t improve on the past Painters, therefore, painted “in the manner of” the great artists Madonna with the Long Neck, oil on wood exaggerated proportions meaningless objects in background tiny St. Jerome, an aesthetic and scholar Parmigianino ( )

Counter Reformation/ Italy, Spain ( ) Themes switch from Renaissance pagan/myth to Baroque religious drama Artists, encouraged by the Catholic church, appeal to the common man by making the bible “real”; biblical figures in modern clothes expressing the drama of everyday life Churches are spacious and light; religion is to be experienced through the senses (Jesuit meditations on the torments of the senses to experience hell) Major Counter-Reformation countries— Italy, Spain, Austria, France Religious transformation--- Caravaggio, The Conversion of St. Paul, 1601

Caravaggio Calling of St. Matthew c Medusa Painting on a shield c TENEBRISM Counter Reformation Caravaggio’s David drama--art as a stage--active lines, diagonal planes

Artemisia Gentileschi ( ) Judith Slaying Holofernes, two versions The calmer Judith on the right is thought to have had her tense facial lines removed during a painting restoration c Judith and servant with head of Holofernes Counter Reformation

Spanish Baroque Diego Velazquez Spanish court painter Water Carrier of Seville, 1619 Caravaggio-esque, but cool and detached Las Meninas, 1656 A new realism, brush-stroke impressions, as the eye naturally would see it Paints in his own cross when becoming a knight

St. Teresa in Ecstasy, 1645 Apollo and Daphne, David, Gian Lorenzo Bernini Italian Baroque Floating marble