Statistics of the Environment Sub-Group Water Tuesday, 9 October Sweden: Water for services (and some comments on irrigation)

Statistics Sweden produce statistics on water use by governmental appropriation Water use for Services Municipal water supply Water use for Households Water use for Industry Water use for Agriculture Total water use Introduction Water for Services Introduction

Background Water for Services Background 2004 First ever estimation of the water use in service sector in Sweden. A methodology study on collecting data on water use for private and public services outside urban areas. Data from 2003 Water use estimates by type of service Registers of real estates taxation, businesses and service as data source

Results 2004 Water for Services Results 2004 Total water volume used in the service sector was estimated to 28 million m 3 per year. Stands for just less than 1% of total water use in Sweden per year.

Results 2004 Water for Services Results 2004 Most extensive water users (70 % of total water use in service sector outside urban areas) Golf courses (water for irrigation) Ski resorts (snow guns for snowmaking)

(Eurostat Grants) Water for Services Advanced study (Eurostat Grants) Tasks: Define and identify golf courses and ski resorts plus hotels and restaurants that are connected to the facilities. Design a questionnaire and carry out a survey aimed at collecting data on water abstraction and type of water use. The results will greatly improve water use statistics of the service sector and the methodology can be of value in other European countries. Final report: February 2008

Define and identify ski resorts Water for Services Advanced study Define and identify ski resorts 235 ski resorts in Sweden All members in Swedish lift association (SLAO). Comments: About 40 facilities according to Business register of Sweden (FDB)

SE1 – 33 SE3 – 157 SE2 – 45 Ski resorts per NUTS1 Define and identify ski resorts Water for Services Advanced study Define and identify ski resorts Geo-coding of 235 ski resorts using postal codes

Visitors per year Define and identify ski resorts Water for Services Advanced study Define and identify ski resorts Sorted by number of visitors per year.

Sample of approximately 100 ski resorts Peak period for using snow-guns is October until December. Define and identify ski resorts Water for Services Advanced study Define and identify ski resorts

In total 445 golf clubs Members of Swedish Golf federation Comments Only 309 facilities in Business Register of Sweden (FDB) Define and identify golf courses Water for Services Advanced study Define and identify golf courses

Golf clubs sorted by size of facility according to number of courses and number of holes Define and identify golf courses Water for Services Advanced study Define and identify golf courses Holes Courses Number of

Sample of approximately 120 golf courses Golf season is normally seven months, May until November. Define and identify golf courses Water for Services Advanced study Define and identify golf courses

Questionnaire and survey Water for Services Advanced study Questionnaire and survey The questionnaire will collect the following data: Water volumes during the last season, split up into ground and surface water. Is the water supply managed by the municipality or is it an own source (well, irrigation pond, water dam etc). Is the water volume used measured with some sort of instrument or estimated. Are there any restaurants, camping sites etc closely connected to the facility

Questionnaire and survey Water for Services Advanced study Questionnaire and survey The survey is designed in a general way to fit both kind of services. The questionnaire is designed to be rather easy to fill in. It will be sent out in paper form, but there is a possibility to answer in a digital form as well. The questionnaire will be distributed during October 2007.

Water use in agriculture Agriculture stands for 4% of the total water use in Sweden: livestock (1%) irrigation (3%)

Irrigation 1985: Full-scale survey to the farmers time consuming expensive high response burden

Survey on water use for irrigation in agriculture (Eurostat Grants) Tasks: 1. Carry out a survey to a small sample of large holdings asking for irrigated area per crop. 2. Calculate used water volumes for each holding in the survey, using water need coefficients. 3. Use an indirect method, for example "Linear estimation“ or some other form of regression analysis. The methods have showed good results in earlier studies. Final report: summer 2008

Project plan 1.Survey to a small sample of holdings  Data on irrigated area per crop 2. Calculate used water volumes for each holding in the survey a = irrigated area/crop c = water consumption coefficient water use = a * c

Project plan 3. Indirect method- linear estimation? w = water use = the value obtained from step 2 i = total irrigated area (from the Farm Structure Survey, FSS) To be calculated: d = constant w = i * d

Project plan Calculate the water use, w, for all holdings i and d = known variables w = i * d

New, indirect method– advantages Smaller sample  time- and money efficient  less response burden Results from the FSS (Farm Structure Survey ) are used

Problem FSS asks for data on irrigated area for the time period June 2006-May2007- not calendar year. How match this to our survey? Hard for the farmers to distinguish between May/June (when did they irrigate?) Do the farmers remember 2006?