China in Revolution AP World History

Post World War II China Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek fight a civil war with communists led by Mao Zedong By 1949 Communists win & proclaim People’s Republic of China (Beijing as capital) Nationalists retreat to Taiwan and proclaim Republic of China (Taipei as capital)

The Mao Era Had promised land reform; won over peasants Confiscated land & property; distributed to peasants Wanted to improve living conditions & transform China into a modern industrial and agricultural nation

The Five Year Plan Launched in 1953 Private industries brought under government control Peasants merged individual landholdings into large cooperatives With Soviet help built roads, factories, & canals

The Great Leap Forward Launched in 1958 Cooperatives merged into larger government controlled units called communes Stressed human labor over technology Was a disaster – food shortages, mismanagement, & peasant resistance Was halted – 20-40 million died of starvation

The Cultural Revolution Launched in 1966 Was supposed to end the influence of pragmatists (who wanted practical reforms) Time of great disorder and confusion; schools closed, factory production dropped, violence erupted, tens of thousands died 1968 – order restored by the army

Chinese Foreign Policy Opposed the United States and other capitalist countries U.S. recognized the Taiwanese government since 1949 Supported North Korea in Korean War Late 1950s – Chinese- Soviet relations soured (ideological & border dispute) Explode 1st atom bomb in 1964 1972 – U.S President Richard Nixon visits China Mao Zedong dies in 1976

Four Modernizations Stressed improvements in agriculture, industry, science, and defense Government still controlled major industries – efficiency stressed Welcomed foreign businesses and technology Special Economic Zones created Sparked economic growth and raised standards of living

Tiananmen Square Massacre 1989 – May-June 100,000 rallied for democracy Government sent in troops and tanks Thousands were killed or wounded Supporters were shot, imprisoned tortured or silenced Damaged China’s prestige abroad

China After Deng 1997 - Deng Xiaping dies 1997 – Hong Kong acquired from the British 1999 – Macao reacquired from the Portuguese Taiwan’s status is still up in the air

Post World War II South Asia AP World History

Dividing the Subcontinent India granted independence in 1947 West & East Pakistan created from Muslim majority areas Violence erupted from mass movements – millions killed Gandhi assassinated in 1948

India 1st Prime Minister – Jawaharlal Nehru 1964 – Nehru’s daughter, Indira becomes Prime Minister 1984 – Indira Gandhi assassinated

India & Pakistan 1971 – Civil war between East & West Pakistan 1971 – East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh Since 1947 – India & Pakistan have fought over Kashmir Both India & Pakistan now have nuclear weapons