Organizational Theory  I. Classical Approach to Organizations  A. General Characteristics of Classical Approach  B. Max Weber: Development of bureaucracy  1. characteristics of bureaucracy  2. problems with each of the characteristics

Organizational Theory  B. Frederick Taylor: Scientific Management  1. Assumptions of scientific management  2. Methods for identifying ‘best’ workers  C. Luther Gulick and Wendall Urwick: Principles of Administration  1. Responsibilities of the Leader  2. Recognized four different ways to organize work

Organizational Theory  II. Human Relations or Neo-classical Approach to Organizations  A. Assumptions of human relations approach  B. Mary Parker Follett: conflict resolution  C. Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Experiments  1. How did the experiments work?  2. What were the results of the experiments?  D. Chester Barnard: Zone of Indifference

Organizational Theory  E. Iowa Experiments  1. What were the experiments?  2. What were their findings?  3. Why is it argued that the findings are not useful to other organizations?  III. Organizational Humanism  A. Assumptions of this approach  B. Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs  C. Douglas McGregor  1. Assumptions of Theory X  2. Assumptions of Theory Y

Organizational Theory  IV. The Modern Approach to Organizations  A. Explain how this approach differs from earlier approaches  B. Systems Theory  1. Closed system characteristics  2. Open system characteristics  C. William Ouchi: Theory Z  D. Total Quality Management