Immigrants and Urbanization

 Next Week Mon/Tues of Next Week  Review for performance final and final exam  BRING YOUR BOOKS AND NOTES FOR THE REST OF CLASS Wed – Performance Final Thurs – Review for Ch Test/Review for Final Fri – Ch Test/Review for Final  Final Exam Week Mon – Review for Final Thurs - Final

 What caused the immigration boom in the late 19 th /early 20 th Centuries?  What were living conditions like for immigrant communities?

 Why do you think?  Who came?

1870–1920, about 20 million Europeans arrive in U.S. Many flee religious persecution: Jews driven from Russia by pogroms Population growth results in lack of farmland, industrial jobs Reform movements, revolts influence young who seek independent lives

 Ellis Island—chief U.S. immigration station, in New York Harbor  Immigrants given physical exam by doctor; seriously ill not admitted  Inspector checks documents to see if meets legal requirements  1892–1924, about 17 million immigrants processed at Ellis Island

"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

 Nativism—overt favoritism toward native- born Americans  Nativists believe Anglo-Saxons superior to other ethnic groups  1882, Chinese Exclusion Act bans entry to most Chinese  San Francisco segregates Japanese schoolchildren  “Non-English Speaking are not allowed!”

 What was urbanization?  How did it change how we live in America?

 Industrialization leads to urbanization, or growth of cities  Most immigrants settle in cities; get cheap housing, factory jobs

Farm technology decreases need for laborers; people move to cities Many African Americans in South lose their livelihood 1890–1910, move to cities in North, West to escape racial violence (THE GREAT MIGRATION) Find segregation, discrimination in North too Competition for jobs between blacks, white immigrants causes tension

 Water Supply  Sanitation/Sewage  Fire  Crime

 What were politics like in the Gilded Age?  How did this lead to the Progressive Era?

 Political machine—organized group that controls city political party  Give services to voters, businesses for political, financial support  After Civil War, machines gain control of major cities  Machine organization: precinct captains, ward bosses, city boss

 1868 William M. Tweed, or Boss Tweed, heads Tammany Hall in NYC  Leads Tweed Ring, defrauds city of millions of dollars

 1880, Republican independent James A. Garfield wins election  Stalwart Chester A. Arthur is vice-president  Garfield gives patronage jobs to reformers; is shot and killed

 Where did most immigrants land when they got to the U.S.?  Why did they come? Why do they still come?  What is urbanization?  What were some of the problems?