WELCOME! Analyze and investigate the pictures below. For each picture, describe what you see. What was the original purpose of these images?

Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources Primary sources are original materials from specific time periods Firsthand accounts Speeches Legal documents Art Diary entries Emails Photographs Coins, fossils, Interviews Secondary sources are interpretations and explanations of primary sources. Bibliographies Textbooks Magazines Newspapers Websites Dictionaries

Triangular Trade: a historical term indicating trade  among three regions, specifically, Africa, Europe and the Americas. List several of the resources each continent traded with one another.

What caused the Triangular Trade? Natural resources: Resources occurring in nature that can be used to create wealth. Examples include oil, coal, water, and land. Africa had resources that could be traded with other nations, such as gold & silver, but they were lacking manufactured goods that England and the New World could provide. This created a trading system between the three continents.

What caused the Triangular Trade? Pretty soon, European countries such as Great Britain, Portugal, France and the Netherlands began establishing permanent colonies in Africa as well as the New World. (which is now America) This gave Europeans access to natural resources that created great wealth…

…however, while the European countries were becoming more and more wealthy, Africa was being stripped of resources… human resources.

What caused the Transatlantic Slave Trade? There was an incredible need for strong laborers to help build and pioneer this New Land. Also, there was a need for plantation workers so that additional natural resources, such as sugar, molasses and tobacco could be traded with Europe.

The Transatlantic Slave Trade The need for labor created the beginning of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, where millions of Africans were sold by African tribes or captured into slavery and sold for a massive profit. Slaves could be bought for $20 and sold in the Americas for up to $120 dollars. Eventually, the demand for labor was so strong Europeans no longer traded manufactured goods for slaves, but began capturing Africans against the will of the African people.

Transatlantic Slave Trade European nations would capture or trade manufactured goods for African people and sell them to “The New World” for profit.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Surprisingly, slavery was not new to Africa. Various kingdoms would force people into labor. However, the number of slaves skyrocketed when Europe began exploiting Africa. Nearly 12 million people were sold into slavery. http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=7F138E7E-5E26-430D-9BAB-478C16F64B0F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US#

The Middle Passage The Middle Passage is the term used for the shipment of Africans to the New World to be sold into slavery. Previous African slavery not as dehumanizing, but Europeans used fear and intimidation to force compliance. You might want to explain what dehumanizing and compliance mean to the students.

The Middle Passage Ship captains were known as “tight packers” or “loose packers” depending on how many people they were willing to fit on a ship. Most ships held 400, but it was not unusual to have 600-700 people per ship. People were treated as cargo.

The Middle Passage The trip would take nearly 50-90 days. Due to their packed conditions, Africans would have to lie in each others sweat, urine, feces and blood. The heat was unbearable and un-breathable

The Middle Passage Many people would refuse to eat or even commit suicide. The ship’s crew would brutally force the slaves to eat so that they would not die, because if someone died, they could not be sold for profit.

The Middle Passage The slaves would often be beaten with a device called a cat-o-nine-tails which would leave horrible wounds on the slaves. Disease spread rapidly and many people would die. Those who were sick were often tossed overboard so that disease would not spread.

The Middle Passage So that slaves would be in a good condition before they were sold in the New World, scars and wounds were filled with hot tar to improve their appearance.

Effects of the Transatlantic Slave Trade 10-16 million African people were sold into slavery leaving a significant portion of African without its strongest men Families were torn apart European colonies thrived and were extremely wealthy while Africans were exploited and lost great wealth

Effects of the Transatlantic Slave Trade Probably the most lasting effect is racism. European nations tried to use science to prove that Africans were in some way “less than human”, or an inferior race to justify their harsh treatment and enslavement of Africans Even today some racism remains

Effects of the Transatlantic Slave Trade To combat the negative feelings of racism, African American leaders began a movement for all people with African ancestry to be joined together regardless of ethnic group, economic status, and cultural differences. This movement was called Pan Africanism and its purpose was to unify Africa.

Pan-Africanism

Creating Vocab Windows DEFINITION EXPLAIN WITH YOUR OWN WORDS PICTURE NON - EXAMPLES Create Vocabulary Windows on the following words: Triangular Trade -Transatlantic Slave Trade Natural Resources -The Middle Passage Pan-Africanism