U. Victoria Regional Oceanography Affecting the NEPTUNE Array Ken Denman School of Earth and Ocean Sciences & Ocean Networks Canada University of Victoria, BC, Canada INDEEP 24 April 141

Winter/Summer Atmospheric Surface Pressure Patterns INDEEP 24 April 14 2

Large Scale Surface Currents INDEEP 24 April Summer Winter

INDEEP 24 April 144 Annual average surface NO 3 concentrations (mmoles-N m -3 ) from the World Ocean Atlas From: Denman and Peña, In: The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle, CUP.

Mean SeaWiFS Surface Chlorophyll INDEEP 24 April 145

Oxygen on WOCE Line P01 at 48°N INDEEP 24 April

Silica on WOCE Line P01 at 48°N INDEEP 24 April 14 7

Northward Flowing California Undercurrent Over the slope ~800 m Core around 400 m ‘Old’ water - low O 2, low pH - high DIC, high dissolved nutrients Upwells in submarine canyons onto shelf during strong summer upwelling INDEEP 24 April 14 8 Krassovski, MSc Thesis University of Victoria

Arrows indicate direction of the wind and strength. Shaded ocean areas indicate high wind speed. Seasonal Wind Stress – Vanc. Is. to Baja INDEEP 24 April 149 Huyer, A., Coastal upwelling in the California Current system, Prog. Oceanogr., 12:

Victoria Red indicates high chlorophyll concentrations on this colour scale Upper Water Chlorophyll Concentrations from Satellite Images INDEEP 24 April 1410

°C Weakening El Niño La Niña Strong El Niño Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (°C) INDEEP 24 April March 1998 March 2012 a b c e f October 2013 g

Multiple Stressors: Decreasing  arag & O 2 Dissolved Oxygen at 125 m, south of La Pérouse Bank in water 143 m deep. Depth  arag = 1 Feely et al Science 320: From: Crawford and Peña, 2013 Atmosphere-Ocean, DOI: / INDEEP 24 April 14 12

Thanks INDEEP 24 April 1413