A small body of determined spirits fired by an unquenchable faith in their mission can alter the course of history. - M. Gandhi

I. Beginnings of Imperialism A. British East India Co. controlled large areas of India for the purpose of trade B Indian soldiers rebel against company rule in parts of “British India” C. British government takes direct control after rebellion

Yellow = Hindu Green = Muslim Red = East India Co./British Control

II. Reasons for Control A. New markets for British goods 1. Textiles (cloth) exported to India 2. Cheap and in supply 3. Destroys Indian weaving trade B. Tea 1. Cheaper to produce than in China 2. Had direct control over the tea market

III. British Control A. Directly controls “British India” and indirectly controls the independent Indian States B. Uses strategy of “Divide and Conquer” 1. Favors to those who cooperate 2. Harsh treatment for those who don’t 3. Lets division between Muslim and Hindu continue Indian “Sepoy” Soldier

C. Many British families went to India to live and work EX: Rudyard Kipling’s Jungle Book and Rikki Tiki Tavi

D. Active Rulers in India 1. Built roads, bridges, and railroads 2. Established factories, hospitals and schools 3. Improve Indian farming E. Believed they were superior to Indians F. Established western ideas of democracy and socialism Assimilation - Process in which people give up their own culture and adopt another culture.

IV. Indian Nationalism A. Movement for Indian self-rule begins in late 1800s B. Two types of ideas for self-rule: 1. Gradual independence with many western ideas in Indian government 2. Break all ties with Great Britain and return to Hindu rule (scared Muslims in the country) C. Promised more self-government after providing troops and money during WWI

IV. Gandhi and Independence A. Leader of Independence movement – seen as both political and spiritual leader B. Emphasized non-violent resistance to the accepted order of British India C. Led boycotts of British goods and refused to pay taxes to force the British to give in to their demands

V. Independence A. August of 1947 the states of India and Pakistan are created: 1. India – Hindu 2. Pakistan – Muslim B. Celebrations followed by massive violence between Hindus and Muslims C. Gandhi assassinated in 1948 by a radical Hindu who hated his peaceful stance towards Muslims

VI. Effects of British Rule A. Increase in the modernization of India B. Racial tensions between British, Hindus and Muslims C. Eventual independence for India and Pakistan through protest, both peaceful and violent