1.5.09

1. The 3 rd Estate made up what population of France? 2. Why were the bourgeoisie so bitter about being part of the 3 rd Estate? 3. Approximately what percent of their income did the 2 nd Estate pay in taxes? 4. What happened during the Great Fear? 5. How did the Declaration of the Rights of Man reflect Enlightenment thought? 6. Why did Catholics become enemies of the Revolution? 7. What circumstances led to the Paris Commune? 8. Who were the sans-culottes?

 Homework – 355 – 357 and outline!!  What are three good AND three bad potential outcomes from a revolution?  Taking notes together

I. The Move to Radicalism Georges Danton – Jean-Paul Marat –  The First Republic  The National Convention abolished the monarchy and established the first French Republic.

 The Fate of the King  Girondins – More conservative, did not want the revolutionaries to get rid of the king.  Jacobins – Radical, wanted to execute the king. Part of a group they called The Mountain.  Factions – groups of people that didn’t agree with each other (Jacobins and Girondins were factions)  National Convention agreed to execute the king.

 Crises and Response  The National Convention couldn’t agree on anything so they did not pass a constitution.  Other countries feared the revolution would spread so wanted to invade France and end the revolution.

II. The Reign of Terror  Crushing Rebellion  Committee of Public Safety set up courts to prosecute counter-revolutionaries  40,000 killed throughout France – by guillotine, and by grapeshot (mass killings, people shot into mass graves), and by drowning in the Loire River.  People from all classes were killed – not just nobles.  The Republic of Virtue  New order of French society – people were “citizens” and needed education

 1793 women founded the Society for Revolutionary Republican Women. The society tried to defend the Republic but didn’t get much respect from men.  Other goal of the Republic was to de- Christianize France – wanted people to focus on reason rather than religion.  De-Christianization failed because France remained Catholic.