Sedimentary Rocks Sands, gravel, and conglomerates -Oh my!

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Presentation transcript:

Sedimentary Rocks Sands, gravel, and conglomerates -Oh my!

Where can I find a sedimentary rock?  Cover approximately 75% of our (continental) surface  Examples:  Sandstone  Conglomerate  Shale  Halite

Formation  Weathering  Erosion/Transportation  Deposition  Compaction  Lithification

Weathering Weathering- the breakdown of rocks; disintegration of rock  Chemical CO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 carbon dioxide + water  carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 + CaCO 3  Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 carbonic acid + calcium carbonate  calcium bicarbonate  Mechanical Temperature (freeze/thaw, thermal expansion) Pressure release Other (crystal growth, organic activity,etc.)

Erosion & Transportation Erosion- the movement of rocks or weathered products  Agents of Erosion  Wind  Water  Ice  Gravity  Size and shape of clasts relate to transportation  Large and angular  Small and rounded

Deposition Sediments are deposited or dropped when their transportation no longer has the energy to move the mass.

Compaction Pore spaces are reduced when sediments are compacted, or pressed together

Lithification During lithification loose sediments are cemented together to form a sedimentary rock.

The Exceptions When it’s not a Clastic Sedimentary Rock Organic Sedimentary Rocks: Chalk Limestone Coal Precipitate Sedimentary Rocks: Halite (salt) Gypsum

Name the sedimentary rock!