Weathering & Erosion Unit Review

Question #1 What is the change in physcial form or chemical composition of rock materials on the Earth’s surface?

Answer: Weathering

Question #2: What is the type of weathering when rocks are physically broken down?

Answer: Mechanical

Question #3: What is the type of weathering when rocks change their chemical composition?

Answer: Chemical

Question #4: What is it called when water seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands, breaking the rock around it?

Answer: Ice wedging

Question #5: What is the type of weathering when plant roots work to break up rock?

Answer: organic

Question #6: What is it called when rocks rub against each other and wear down?

Answer: abrasion

Question #7: What is the chemical reaction called that breaks down rocks with water?

Answer: Hydrolysis

Question #8: Which type of rock weathers the fastest?

Answer: Sedimentary rock

Question #9: Which type of sedimentary rock weathers the fastest?

Answer: Limestone

Question #10: Which type of rock does not weather easily?

Answer: Quartzite

Question #11: Which will weather faster: a large rock or the large rock broken into pieces?

Answer: The large rock broken into pieces

Question #12: What are the four factors that affect the rate of weathering?

Answer: Composition, exposure, climate, topography

Question #13: In what type of climates does weathering occur slowly?

Answer: Hot and dry OR cold and dry

Question #14: What is the process by which the products of weathering are transported?

Answer: erosion

Question #15: The main difference between erosion and weathering is that erosion involves what?

Answer: transportation

Question #16: What is the NAME of the top layer of soil?

Answer: Humus

Question #17 Which layer of soil has all the organic activity?

Answer: humus

Question #18: What is the NAME of the second layer of soil from the top?

Answer: regolith

Question #19: Which layer of soil has minerals that were leached down?

Answer: regolith

Question #20: What is the name of the third layer of soil from the top?

Answer: Partially weathered bedrock

Question #21: What is the name of the bottom layer of soil?

Answer: bedrock

Question #22: What is the smallest soil particle called?

Answer: clay

Question #23: What is the middle sized soil particle called?

Answer: silt

Question #24: What is the largest soil particle called?

Answer: sand

Question #25 What is a cross section in which layers of the soil and the bedrock beneath the soil can be seen?

Answer: A soil profile

Question #26: What is a layer of soil called?

Answer: Soil horizon

Question #27: What is the process in which water carried dissolved minerals to lower layers of rock?

Answer: leaching

Question #28: In what type of climate does chemical weathering occur the fastest?

Answer: Hot, wet

Question #29: What kind of land is best for crops?

Answer: Flat with drainage

Question #30: What is it called when farmers make cuts in the land that eventually get big enough for erosion?

Answer: gullying

Question #31: What is it called when farmers plow up and down slopes to allow water to run off the slopes?

Answer: furrowing

Question #31: What is it called when farmers use methods to slow erosion?

Answer: Soil conservation

Question #32: What is a method farmers use for soil conservation??

Answer: Crop rotation

Question #33: What are the four agents of erosion?

Answer: Wind, water, glaciers, gravity

Question #34: What is the movement of fragments down a slope called?

Answer: Mass movement

Question #35: What is a rapid mass movement called?

Answer: Landslide, mud flow, avalanche

Question #36: What is a slow mass movement called?

Answer: creep

Question #37: What are steep landforms with high elevation called?

Answer: mountains

Question #38: If mountains have low, rounded tops, are they probably young or old??

Answer: old

Question #39: What are gently sloped or flat surfaces at or below sea level called??

Answer: plains

Question #40: What are high- elevation flat surfaces above sea level called?

Answer: plateaus

Question #41: How would you classify the soil if the pH is less than 7?

Answer: acidic

Question #42: What is the term that describes how much water the soil can hold?

Answer: porosity

Question #43: Which term describes how well water can flow through soil?

Answer: permeability

Question #44: What is the process by which the products of weathering are transported called?

Answer: erosion

Question #45: What are the spaces in between the soil particles called?

Answer: Pore spaces

Have fun studying!!