MELTING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC FLOOR TILE GLAZES Nikoletta PUSKÁS Dr. László A. GÖMZE University of Miskolc, Department of Ceramics and Silicate Engineering microCAD 2006 Miskolc March 2006

microCAD Introduction There is a big competition in the floor tile market There is a big competition in the floor tile market Continuous developments are necessary Continuous developments are necessary Comparing of glazes with different compositions Find a way to develop better coatings than present used

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Materials – Compositions Glazes Materials Components m% I.II.III.IV.V.VI. CaO Al 2 O SiO ZnO Na 2 O Other oxides Substrate OxidesMgOAl 2 O 3 SiO 2 K2OK2OFe 2 O 3 Na 2 O m %

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Materials – Technology Densities of glaze suspensions: 1: 1350 g/l  2: 1500 g/l  Firing temperature: 1220 °C Dipping

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Testing methods – Wear resistance SiC powder 78,5 m wearing

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Results – Wear resistance 1500 g/l Sign of glazes Original heigh t Original weigh t Worn height 78,5 m Worn weight 78,5 m (mm)(g)(mm)(g) I717,976,762517,91 II6,79517,5056,70617,395 III7,0218,0256,817,955 IV7,08117,97,012517,87 V7,0617,967,018517,91 VI7,1818,177,067518,055

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Testing methods – Microhardness measurement Applied loading force: 1 N Time of loading: 10 sec

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Results – Microhardness Sign of glazes(HVM) I550 II683 III727 IV567 V646 VI662

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy Melting Wetting Heating: about 20 °C/min Ar atmosphere

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy - Melting Photos made on different temperatures show the process of softening and melting

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy - Wetting Possibilities: Wetting (  <90°) Non wetting (  >90°) Perfect wetting (  =0°)

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Results – Hot stage microscopy - Melting (°C) (°C) 1300 (°C)

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Results – Hot stage microscopy - Melting I. II. III. IV. V. VI °C

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Results – Hot stage microscopy - Wetting V. VI °C Components m% V.VI. CaO113 Al 2 O 3 22 SiO ZnO85 Na 2 O100 Other oxides37

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Conclusions 6 type of floor tile glezes were compared, examined. 6 type of floor tile glezes were compared, examined. The III. signed glaze has the best mechanical properties, although the IV. signed glaze lost less from weigh during wearing. The III. signed glaze has the best mechanical properties, although the IV. signed glaze lost less from weigh during wearing. On the basis of the hot stage microscopy the V. signed glaze has the best melting and wetting properties, and the VI. signed glaze has the worst properties. On the basis of the hot stage microscopy the V. signed glaze has the best melting and wetting properties, and the VI. signed glaze has the worst properties. The III. signed glaze has good mechanical and melting properties as well.  This composition can be a way to develop better glaze coatings than present used. The III. signed glaze has good mechanical and melting properties as well.  This composition can be a way to develop better glaze coatings than present used.

16-17 March 2006 microCAD Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Department of Mechanical Technology Department of Mechanical Technology Acknowledgement

Many thanks for your attention! Nikoletta PUSKÁS Dr. László A. GÖMZE