A Look at Explicit Print Reference Techniques : Developing Emergent Literacy Skills Preschoolers 1

Table of Contents Slide 1 – A Link to a Study on Explicit Print Reference Slide 2 – Table of Contents Slide 3 – Definition of Print Reference and Link Slide 4 – Verbal and Nonverbal Cues Slide 5 - Video on Print Awareness Slide 6 – The Speech Pathologists Role and Link Slide 7 - Classroom Strategies and Link Slide 8 - The Read Aloud Experience and Link Slide 9 - Video on Strategies for Reading Aloud Slide 10 – Print Referencing and Special Needs and A Link Slide 11 - Dialogic Reading Strategies and Links Slide 12- Video Dialogic Reading (Dr. Whitehurst), Links to Parent Involvement Reading Interactions 2

What is Print Referencing? Print referencing refers to an adult’s use of nonverbal and verbal cues to direct a child’s attention to the forms, features, and functions of written language. These cues are embedded into the shared storybook reading interactions of adults (parents, clinicians, or teachers) and young children 3

Verbal and Nonverbal Cues CuesExample Nonverbal References Pointing to printAdult points to narrative print or print embedded in illustrations. Tracking printAdult tracks the print while reading the narrative text. Verbal references Questions about printDo you know this letter? What do you think this says? Comments about printThat’s an A. This says “Get out!” Requests about printShow me where the O is. Help me read these words. 4

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Speech Language Pathologist’s Role Collaboration with classroom teachers and in- classroom intervention provide an ideal context for working with language impaired children as well as providing support for children at-risk for later language and literacy difficulties. These practices are in line with ASHA’s position statement ―The Roles and Responsibilities of the SLP in Regards to Reading and Writing in Children and Adolescents‖ (ASHA, 2001). 6

Classroom Strategies Storybook Center Activities Center Based Activities Writing Related Activities Click on the Links! 7

The Read Aloud Experience Page order: We read this page first, and then we read the next one... Point out the title of the book: This is the title of the book. It tells us... Point out text direction--top to bottom, left to right: We begin reading this word, and then we move... Talk about the author/ illustrator: The author wrote the book.. Discuss the names and concepts of letters: I see the same letter in two words/ Can you find a letter 'M' or 'T'? Concepts of word: Let's count the words on this page... Short/ Long words: Which word is longer/ shorter... Read captions/ subtitles: The caption here tells us about the photo... Point out words in illustrations: Here it says 'mail' on the mailbox... 8

Strategies for Reading Aloud to Young Children 9

Print Referencing and Special Needs Materials should be simple – Few words on a page – Pictures to explain the words Materials should match the interests of your audience – Maybe take a survey to find out if children have special interests Materials should match the attention span of your audience – Start with 3-5 minutes, then build up as children are able Know the warning signs of flagging attention! 10

Dialogic Reading Strategies 1.Show the book and ask children what they think the story will be about. 2.Point out key words or ideas to help get the children ready for the story. 3.Read the book from beginning to end just as the author wrote it, and use as much expression and gesture as you can. 4.The next time you read the book, and each time after that, let the children tell more and more of the story. Notice new words, interesting ideas and silly actions and talk about them. 5.If the book is available in two or more languages, read them at separate times of the day or over a two-day period. It is just as helpful for the Spanish- speaking children to hear English stories as it is for English-speaking children to hear stories in other languages. 6.Print out this form[PDF, 25KB]. If you fill it in and tape it to the back of the book, you will have a great new literacy source ready for you or anyone else who reads this book to your children!this form[PDF, 25KB]. Form Two Link 11

Family Book Night 12