Properties of Matter

Matter  Matter is anything that has mass and volume.  (Mass is a measure of the quantity of something and volume is how much space it takes up)  Matter is anything that has mass and volume.  (Mass is a measure of the quantity of something and volume is how much space it takes up)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER  A Physical Property of a substance is a characteristic or description of the substance that may help to identify it.  For example: Sodium is a silvery metal.  A Physical Property of a substance is a characteristic or description of the substance that may help to identify it.  For example: Sodium is a silvery metal.

Physical Properties Observed with the Senses:  Colour  Texture  Odour  Lustre  Clarity  Taste  Colour  Texture  Odour  Lustre  Clarity  Taste

1.The States of Matter  Solid, Liquid, Gas, (Plasmas) Solar plasmas of Jupiter

2. Hardness  Resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented  Example: diamond is harder than glass  Resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented  Example: diamond is harder than glass Glass tiles are cut using water and diamond encrusted blades

3. Malleability  Ability of a metal to be hammered or bent into different shapes  Example: Aluminum foil is easily bent  Ability of a metal to be hammered or bent into different shapes  Example: Aluminum foil is easily bent Chromium metal bent into different shapes

4. Ductility  Ability of a metal to be pulled into wires  Example: Copper is very ductile and is commonly used for electrical wiring  Ability of a metal to be pulled into wires  Example: Copper is very ductile and is commonly used for electrical wiring

5. Melting and Boiling Points  Temperature at which substances change state  Water changes from solid to a liquid at 0ºC  Temperature at which substances change state  Water changes from solid to a liquid at 0ºC

6. Crystal Form  The solid form taken by many minerals. Each mineral usually takes a characteristic pattern  Salt Crystals usually look like tiny cubes

7. Solubility  The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent  Example: Sugar is soluble in water

8. Viscosity  How easy a liquid flows  Example: The thicker the liquid, the slower it flows and is more viscous. Corn syrup is viscous

9. Density  The amount of matter per unit volume  Density = mass/volume  Example: Lead is very dense, feathers are not dense

10. Conductivity  If a substance is able to conduct heat or electricity.  Conductor – able to conduct Example: most metals, copper is very good  Insulator – has little or no conductivity Example: styrofoam, glass

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER  A Chemical Property of a substance describes the behaviour of a substance as it becomes a new substance

1. Combustibility  The ability of a substance to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy  Gasoline is very combustible or flammable. Water is nonflammable.  The ability of a substance to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy  Gasoline is very combustible or flammable. Water is nonflammable.

2. Reaction with Acid  The ability of a substance to react with acids to produce a gas Example: Zinc reacts with acid to produce bubbles of gas.  The ability of a substance to react with acids to produce a gas Example: Zinc reacts with acid to produce bubbles of gas.

Other Examples include:  Absorbs heat during reaction  Forms gas when heated  Reacts with water  Emits heat during reaction  Emits light during reaction  Forms a precipitate (solid) in a solution  Absorbs heat during reaction  Forms gas when heated  Reacts with water  Emits heat during reaction  Emits light during reaction  Forms a precipitate (solid) in a solution

MATTER Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures Solutions -looks like one substance -Homogeneous -E.g. ______ Pure Substances Elements Compounds -simplest form -cannot be broken down - E.g. ________ -made of 2 or more elements -can be broken down chemically - E.g. ________ - Suspensions - tiny particles of one substance are held within Another -E.g. __________ - Mechanical Mixtures - individual substances are visible - E.g. ____________ Homogeneous Mixtures - has mass and takes up space, made up of atoms and molecules