Chapter 3 State Standards: 7.c; 8.a; 8.b; 8.d 1 Contreras

 Matter is ANYTHING that has mass and takes up space  Matter is made from small building blocks (atoms and molecules)  Have both physical and chemical properties Contreras 2

 Characteristics of a substance that do not involve a chemical change, such as density, color or hardness.  Can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity or composition. Contreras 3

1. Thermal Rate at which a substance transfers heat Good - Most metals Bad – Styrofoam 2. Malleability Ability of a substance to be rolled, pounded, molded into variable shapes without breaking. Flexibility or brittleness. Good – Aluminum (can be rolled into aluminum foil) Bad – Glass Contreras 4

3. Ductility The ability of a substance to be pulled and made into wire. Ex. Copper 4. Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance Ex. Cool-Aid Contreras 5

5. State The physical form in which a substance exists Solid, liquid, gas 6. Density The mass per unit volume of a substance. Ex. A bowling ball vs. a basketball Contreras 6

 The amount of mass in a given volume  How tightly atoms are packed in a space  Density = Mass (grams) Volume (cm 3 )  Density units are grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 )  M = D x V V = M D Contreras 7

 If the density of an object is more than the density of the fluid  SINK  If the density of an object is less than the density of the fluid  FLOAT  Density of liquids is determined using a hydrometer  Why are heavy metal ships able to journey across the ocean? Contreras 8

 A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties  All changes of state  Mostly a change in shape or form  Do not create new substances  Most of the time are reversible  Ask yourself: Is something new being created? Is it reversible? Contreras 9

 Ice cubes  Boiling water  Cutting/ripping paper  Sharpening a pencil (including pencil shavings)  Crashing a car  Shaping clay  Dissolving sugar in water  Melting butter Contreras 10

 A chemical property describes the way that a substance undergoes changes in composition  Original matter changes its identity  One or more new substances are formed Contreras 11

 Happen on a molecular level  Color change  Presence of heat (give or absorb)  Smoke  Light production  Cooking/baking  Photosynthesis  Ripening  Mold  Rust Contreras 12

 Picture lighting a candle with a match and observing the candle burning for a few minutes.  What physical and chemical changes did you observe? Wax melting Wax burning Flame Smoke coming from the candle Contreras 13 (physical) (chemical) (chemical) (chemical)