Ayub Khan Era First Military Regime And The Second Republic 1958-69

Introduction The Ayub Martial Law opened a new era for the process of development and change in the politics of Pakistan

Failure of 1956 Constitution and advent of Martial Law by General Muhammad Ayub Khan

1956 Constitution created a parliamentary democracy but failed because of many defects which are as follows: PM was to be appointed by the president in his own discretion President could dismiss the PM Pakistan became prey to legitimacy crisis

Absence of leadership Inexperienced politicians without support of majority Unpopularity of The Muslim League Emergence of many political parties Political system based on personal and parochial lines. There was no political conviction.

Advent of Ayub Khan and 1962 Constitution Presidential system Federal form with one unit Uni-cameral legislature Judiciary Ideological council Directive principles of state policy Fundamental rights BD system

BD System Division Council (16) Chairman: Commissioner Members: Half elected and half officials District Council (78) Chairman: DC Memebrs: Half elected and half official

Wards Rural: Thana or Tahsil Council Chairman: SDO/AC/ Tahsil officer Members: Elected Urban Cantonment board Chairman: officer Members: half ( Ch. of comtt) half officers Municipal committee Members: half ( Ch. of comtt) half officers Union Council or Town Committee Chairman: Elected Members: 10-15 Elected Union Committee Members: 15-20 Elected Wards

1962 Constitution: The second Republic

Administrative Function NA President Center PA Governor Province Div Council Commissioner Division Dist Council Dy.Comm. District Tah/Union Council AC/SDO Sub-Division Elected by BDs Reporting to above authority

Strong centralized Autocratic Government Not a Political State but an Administrative State Downfall of Ayub Khan: Causes and Effects.

Conclusion