23 Dental Radiography

2 Extraoral Radiographs Panoramic –Common in general and specialty offices Cephalometric –Common with orthodontists Digital –Becoming standard –Easier for the staff

3 Panoramic Fundamentals Tomography –One layer shown Rotational centers –Tubehead –Cassette Focal trough –Image layer or sharpness

4 Panoramic Unit Exposure controls Head positioner X-ray tubehead Cassette holder

5 Panoramic Techniques Lead apron without a thyroid collar Bite block barrier Cassette preparation in dark room Explanation of procedure –Patient must be still

6 Cephalometric Radiographs Patient’s skeletal structure and profile Orthodontists mainly use

7 Radiographic Interpretation Terminology –Anatomical landmarks –Radiopaque –Radiolucent –Diagnosis –Interpretation –Superimposition

8 Tooth and Surrounding Tissues

9 Mandibular Landmarks

10 Maxillary Landmarks

11 Maxillary Landmarks Terminology –Anatomical landmarks –Radiopaque –Radiolucent –Diagnosis –Interpretation –Superimposition

12 Imaging Systems and Digital Radiology Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Digital radiography –New technology becoming common –Dental film not needed

13 Digital Radiology Analog image –No limits Intraoral and extraoral possible Pixels and gray scale

14 Digital Radiology Direct digital imaging –X-ray machine –Sensor –Computer monitor and software

15 Digital Radiology Indirect digital imaging –Converts traditional X-rays to images –Scanner –Computer monitor and software Storage phosphor imaging

16 Advantages of Digital Radiology Less radiation to patient Quick results Image alterations possible Storage Darkroom, equipment, solutions eliminated Data files can be attached

17 Disadvantages of Digital Radiology Initial expense Proficiency training Sensors are uncomfortable System failures