A Technological Revolution Chapter 6, Section 1

What’s going on? Civil War & Reconstruction are over.Civil War & Reconstruction are over. Next era of US history = now until WWI.Next era of US history = now until WWI. –Westward expansion & Indian wars –Industrialization & business expansion –New immigration from Europe & Asia –Governmental corruption & solutions

What’s going on? Civil War & Reconstruction are over.Civil War & Reconstruction are over. Next era of US history = now until WWI.Next era of US history = now until WWI. –Westward expansion & Indian wars –Industrialization & business expansion –New immigration from Europe & Asia –Governmental corruption & solutions

Life in 1865 No indoor electric lightingNo indoor electric lighting No refrigerationNo refrigeration Snail mailSnail mail Beginning of patent revolutionBeginning of patent revolution –36k patents from 1790 to 1860 –500k patents from 1860 to 1890 –Need for money & opportunity for investors

Energy Revolution Old ways to get oil >Old ways to get oil > New way to get oilNew way to get oil –Edwin Drake & Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company –Kerosene & gasoline OIL

Energy Revolution 2 steps to bring it inside2 steps to bring it inside –Light bulb –Central power station Edison’s inventivenessEdison’s inventiveness Making it accessibleMaking it accessible ELECTRICITY

Energy Revolution Making it more accessibleMaking it more accessible –George Westinghouse –AC vs. DC –Transformers GE & Westinghouse ElectricGE & Westinghouse Electric Changes in the workplaceChanges in the workplace –Longer hours –Higher productivity –Cheaper products Changes at homeChanges at home ELECTRICITY

Energy Revolution Making it more accessibleMaking it more accessible –George Westinghouse –AC vs. DC –Transformers GE & Westinghouse ElectricGE & Westinghouse Electric Changes in the workplaceChanges in the workplace –Longer hours –Higher productivity –Cheaper products Changes at homeChanges at home ELECTRICITY

Communication Breakthrough TELEGRAPH Sending messages over a wireSending messages over a wire Early 1700sEarly 1700s Samuel Morse (his patent & code)Samuel Morse (his patent & code) Companies form early & merge after CWCompanies form early & merge after CW –Western Union –100k miles in 1870 –900k miles in 1900

Communication Breakthru TELEGRAPH Sending messages over a wireSending messages over a wire Early 1700sEarly 1700s Samuel Morse (his patent & code)Samuel Morse (his patent & code) Companies form early & merge after CWCompanies form early & merge after CW –Western Union –100k miles in 1870 –900k miles in 1900

Communication Breakthrough

TELEGRAPH Sending messages over a wireSending messages over a wire Early 1700sEarly 1700s Samuel Morse (his patent & code)Samuel Morse (his patent & code) Companies form early & merge after CWCompanies form early & merge after CW –Western Union –100k miles in 1870 –900k miles in 1900

Communication Breakthrough TELEPHONE 1871, Scottish immigrant working on “talking telegraph”1871, Scottish immigrant working on “talking telegraph” 1876, has a patent1876, has a patent Set up telephone businessSet up telephone business –Expansion thru central switchboards –1.5M lines by 1900

Men of Steel Why steel is greatWhy steel is great –Lighter, stronger, flexibler than iron Why it’s notWhy it’s not –Too expensive 1850s, Henry Bessemer’s process1850s, Henry Bessemer’s process –Makes steel cheaper, more quickly –Bigger buildings possible –Brooklyn Bridge

Men of Steel Why steel is greatWhy steel is great –Lighter, stronger, more flexible than iron Why it’s notWhy it’s not –Too expensive 1850s, Henry Bessemer’s process1850s, Henry Bessemer’s process –Makes steel cheaper, more quickly –Bigger buildings possible –Brooklyn Bridge

New BIG Industries OilOil –John D. Rockefeller SteelSteel –Andrew Carnegie RailroadsRailroads –Jay Gould