Final Exam Jeopardy FishAmphibiaReptiliaAvesMammalia Final Jeopardy

Osteichthyes: Define lateral line, operculum, & swim bladder 2

Lateral line – detects vibrations in water Operculum – bony covering over gills that pumps water across gills Swim bladder – allows fish to adjust buoyancy 3

4 Chondrichthyes: Define denticles & Ampullae of Lorenzini

5 Denticles – special scales on sharks that reduce hydrodynamic drag Ampullae of Lorenzini – special sense cells that allow sharks to detect electromagnetic fields

6 Agnatha: Name two differences between hagfish & lampreys

7 Hagfish – 12 gill slits & make slime Lampreys – 7 gill slits & have a larval stage

8 Compare & contrast Ostracoderms & Placoderms

9 Ostracoderms – Jawless Placoderms – First jawed fish Both went extinct during the P/T extinction

10 Compare & Contrast Subclasses Actinopterygii & Sarcopterygii

11 Actinopterygii – Fish with bony rays in their fins Sarcopterygii – Fish with fleshy fins and the ability to breathe air Both are in Class Osteichthyes

12 What is the name of the first transitional vertebrate that crawled out of the ocean to spend time on land?

13 Tiktaalik

14 Amphibians show the following adaptations to living on land except a. Development of lungs b. Mucous covering across skin c. Amniotic egg d. 3-chambered heart

15 Amniotic Egg

16 What is the term used to describe amphibians’ ability to breathe through their skin?

17 Cutaneous respiration

What kind of amphibians are found in the following orders: Caudata Apoda Anura 18

19 Caudata – Salamanders Apoda – Caecilians Anura – Frogs & Toads

20 Define paedomorphosis

21 The retention of juvenile traits in the adult form.

22 What two adaptations allowed reptiles to completely free themselves from aquatic life stages?

23 Scales & the amniotic egg

24 What types of animals have the following skull types? Anapsid Diapsid Synapsid

25 Anapsid – turtles Diapsid – other reptiles, birds, & dinos Synapsid – mammals

26 What kinds of reptiles are in the following Orders: Squamata Crocodilia Sphenodontia Testudines

27 Squamata – Lizards & Snakes Crocodilia – Crocodilians Sphenodontia – Tuatara Testudines – Turtles & Tortoises

28 What types of lizards reside in the following Infraorders? Iguania Gekkota Diploglossa Scincomorpha Platynota

29 Ig uania – Iguanas, Chameleons, & Anoles Gekkota - Geckos Diploglossa – Glass Lizards Scincomorpha – Skinks & Common Lizards Platynota – Gila Monsters & Komodo Dragons

30 Describe the 4 types of snakes & provide an example of a snake in each group Constrictors Colubrids Vipers Elapids

31Constrictors – no fangs, squeeze prey to death (python) Colubrids – back-fanged with weak venom (boomslang) Vipers – large hinged fangs with hemotoxic venom (rattlesnake) Elapids – non-hinged fangs with neurotoxic venom (cobra)

32 Name the two things that contribute most to birds having the ability to keep their body weight down.

33 Hollow bones & reduced organs

34 Which of the following is not a characteristic of aerodynamic lift as it pertains to the airfoil wing design? a. Air travels a further distance above the wing than below b. The pressure below the wing is higher than above the wing c. Air molecules become packed tighter above the wing than below the wing d. Air molecules travel slower below the wing than above the wing

35 Air molecules become packed tighter above the wing than below the wing

36 How are Saurischian dinosaurs distinguished from Ornithischian dinosaurs?

37 Saurischians – Lizard-like hips Ornithischians – Bird-like hips

38 Compare & Contrast Sauropods & Theropods and give an example of each.

39 Both are Saurischians Sauropods – Quadrapedal, herbivorous dinosaurs (brontosaurus) Theropods – Bipedal, carnivorous dinosaurs (T-Rex)

40 What is the purpose of the following feather types? Tail/Flight Semiplume Bristle Filoplume Downy

41 Tail/Flight – Flight Semiplume – Shape & color Bristle – Around the eyes & mouth Filoplume – Connected to nerve endings Downy – Insulation

42 What are two main differences between new- world and old-world monkeys?

37 New-world – Flat-nosed & prehensile tails Old-world – Narrow-nosed and non- functioning tails

44 What are two major differences between Artiodactyls & Perissodactyls?

45 Artiodactyls – Even # of toes on the hoof and a ruminant stomach Perissodactyls – Odd # of toes on the hoof and hindgut fermenters

46 What are three differences between dolphins & porpoises?

47 Dolphins – Conical teeth, hooked dorsal fin, & beak Porpoises – Spade-like teeth, triangular dorsal fin, & no beak

48 In which Mammalian Orders do the following mammals reside? Pangolin Aardvark Hyrax Colugo

49 Pangolin - Pholidota Aardvark - Tubulidentata Hyrax - Hyracoidea Colugo - Dermoptera

50 What major steps did the following proto-mammals achieve that led them on the path to becoming mammals? Pelycosaurs Therapsids Cynodonts

51 Pelycosaurs – Sail used for the beginning of thermoregulation Therapsids – Legs moved under the body Cynodonts – Lumbar ribs reduced

52 How did the present distribution of marsupials, monotremes, and placental mammals come to be?

53 -Monotremes and marsupials evolved on Pangaea and spread out. -Australia, Antarctica, & India broke away -Placental mammals developed on Laurasia and conquered the rest of the landscape except for A,A, and I -India re-collided with Asia flooding it with placental mammals and Antarctica froze -Australia the only place left isolated and warm enough to support mammalian life