Look at these examples: wLcIuw&feature=related wLcIuw&feature=related WZdHzaA WZdHzaA 3Scfk&feature=related 3Scfk&feature=related mTu-CE&feature=relmfu mTu-CE&feature=relmfu What Would You Do? Bystander Effect:

The Case of Kitty Genovese Kitty was murdered on the street outside her New York City apartment after loud shouting was heard - 38 people witnessed the murder but did nothing to stop it. Psychologists have long been interested in our unwillingness to get involved in uncomfortable situations even if someone’s personal safety is at risk

People have a tendency see themselves as bystanders in such situations rather than as ACTORS ACTORS are people who become active participants in a situation The Bystander Effect - Kitty Genovese The Bystander Effect - Kitty Genovese

When Bystanders Join In 4 years after Genovese was murdered, two psychologists, John Darley and Bibb Latane, wanted to identify the factors that influence bystanders’ decisions to get involved in public situations

Conclusions?  Whether or not we intervene in a situation depends on the cues that we get from the participants and other bystanders Relation to Genovese case?  It suggests that if one bystander had joined in to try to help her, others might well have come forward too When Bystanders Join In

Bystander Effect  Bystander – person who is not an active participant in a situation – they are standing by and witnessing

What do we know about the bystander effect?  Diffusion of Responsibility = the more people in the group, the less likely individuals are to act b/c they think that the responsibility rests with all other bystanders as opposed to when they are the only ones witnessing the situation  People will act differently in various situations…

Factors that Cause People to Act  Morals – parents taught you the right thing to do – i.e. damaging someone’s property  Damage done in their community  Fear – don’t want to get in trouble for not helping  Personal – if you were in that situation, you would want help  Stereotypes – racial profiling, gender, age  Pressure from others - conformity

Factors that Cause People NOT to Act  Fear – personal safety, mistake (hurting someone…, judgment)  “Not my business” – i.e. conflict in a family  Lack information on the situation  Don’t know people involved  Assume someone else will do it – diffusion of responsibility  Inconvenient – busy, don’t want to get involved, don’t have time…

Extreme Example of Bystander Effect  The Holocaust – Memories of the Camp (15:00-17:30)  of-the-camps/ of-the-camps/