240:237 - Coordinating Technology in an Educational Setting April 8, 2010

WirelessCopper-BasedFiber StandardIEEE IEEE Typesa, b, g, nEthernetSingle vs. Multi TransmissionUp to 54 MbpsUp to 100 MbpsUp to 40 Gbps SignalRadio WavesElectricityLight CostInexpensive Expensive Distance100 meters Up to 40 miles

LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network)

HubsSwitches  Clean up electrical signals  Multiple ports  Extends network size  Increases the size of the collision domain  Forwards all traffic to everyone  Unmanaged  Clean up electrical signals  Multiple ports  Extends network size  Reduces the size of the collision domain  Filters traffic based upon MAC addresses MAC addresses  Unmanaged and managed

 Determines best path for data delivery  Use IP addresses to determine network location  Configuration ◦ Command Line Interface - CLI ◦ Graphical User Interface – GUI

MAC Addresses IPv4 vs IPv6 Classes Private Addressing

 Media Access Control Address  Burned in address (BIA) on network interface cards (NIC)  48-bit address or 12 hexadecimal digits  Example A-BC ◦ First 6 digits identify manufacturer ◦ Last 6 digits identify device  Switches use to filter data  Other Names ◦ Adapter Address ◦ Physical Address ◦ Hardware Address

 Every device has one assigned  IPv4 ◦ 32-bit dotted decimal notation ◦ Example –  IPv6 ◦ 128-bit address ◦ Example – fe80::c0ae:e644:7ea4:a3e5  Divided into Network & Host portion ◦ Network = street ◦ Host = house  Hierarchical  INAN – Internet Numbers Assigned Authority INAN

 Class A ◦ Large, global networks ◦ First octet ranges from1-127  Class B ◦ Medium-sized networks ◦ First octet ranges  Class C ◦ Small networks ◦ First octet ranges  Class D –Multicast purposes  Class E - Experimental purposes

 Shortage of Public IP addresses  Reserved for private use by anyone  Not routable across Internet  These addresses will be translated to a public IP address before forwarding.  Class A ◦  Class B ◦  Class C ◦

Access Point Router Switch

ABGN Data RatesUp to 54Mbps Up to 11Mbps Up to 54Mbps Frequency5 GHz band2.4GHz band 2.4GHz & 5GHz band SecurityWEP & WPA

 Open ◦ Everyone has access  PSK (Pre-shared keys) ◦ One-way authentication which aligns host to the Access Point (AP)  EAP ( extensible authentication protocol) ◦ Two-way authentication

 WEP (Wired Equivalency Protocol) ◦ Pre-configured keys ◦ 64 bits or 128 bits long ◦ Passphrase option – static key ◦ Change key frequently  WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) ◦ New, dynamic keys ◦ 64 bits to 256 bits ◦ More secure – harder to break