Monday, September 26 Warm-up: How did nature play a significant role in the religion of Native American tribes? a) Ancient religious writings encourage worship b) Tribes held most of their religious ceremonies outdoors c) Ancient religious writings discouraged the worship of idols or gods d) Tribes believed the spirits of people and the earth were interconnected Explorer Notes T-chart for Columbian Exchange

Tuesday, September 27 Warm-up: What was the main port of colonial North Carolina? a) Edenton b) Raleigh c) Roanoke d) Wilmington Explorer Notes Answer ?s – p.47 #1, 4, 5, 6; p.53 #1-3

Wednesday, September 28 Warm-up: What happened to the population of Native Americans as a result of the Columbian Exchange? a) Decreased as they migrated to other areas b) Decreased due to introduction of new diseases c) Increased due to the new foods available to them d) Increased due to access to more advanced medicine Answer ?s – p.47 #1, 4, 5, 6; p. 53 #1-3; p.54 #11, 12, 14, 16, 19, 24

Thursday, September 29 Warm-up: How did the Columbian Exchange transform life in America, Asia, and Europe? a) Improved communication made travel more cost-effective b) Domesticated plants and animals were introduced to different regions of the world c) Slavery was introduced to the 3 continents d) The 3 continents started using a single medium of exchange for trade Charting the Explorers

Friday, September 30 Warm-up: Which event prompted large- scale contact between the eastern and western hemispheres? a) Vasco da Gama’s discovery of India b) Christopher Columbus’s voyage to America in 1492 c) Expeditions of Hernando de Soto d) Establishment of the first British colony at Roanoke in 1586 Test

Explorers John Cabot  1497 – first to reach the continent of North America  Sailed north into Canada and went home  Purpose of his voyage was to find a NW passage to Asia Amerigo Vespucci ( )  North and South America were name for him  Claimed that North and South America were NOT Asia Astrolabe (term)  Navigational tool used to help them know their precise latitude  Did NOT tell longitude

Explorers Hernando Cortes  1519 Cortes traveled from Cuba to Mexico and discovered the Aztec Empire  Capital – Tenochtitlan Aztecs controlled most of Mexico  Tons of gold and silver  Captives sacrificed to the gods. Cortes Conquered the empire by 1521  Sent riches back to Spain  Discouraged Aztec religion and human sacrifice

Explorers Giovanni da Verrazano  1st European to land/visit in NC (March 1524)  Mistook the NC sounds (Pamlico, Albemarle, etc.) for the Pacific Ocean  He sent many letters (primary source) to the king about the resources, wildlife, and inhabitants of NC Francisco Pizarro  1532 conquered the Incas of Peru  Captured and killed emperor of Incas even after a ransom was paid.

Explorers Ponce de Leon ( )  Searched for the “fountain of youth” (Native American story)  Landed in St. Augustine (oldest US city)  Thought FL was an island  Unsuccessful at starting a settlement or finding “F.O.Y.”  Spain claimed most of the land explored by Leon Missionaries  Originally catholic – goal was to convert Native Americans  Some were corrupt and in search of wealth

Explorers Conquistadors  Spanish for conquerors  Sent out by Spain to explore and conquer new lands and people Vasquez de Ayllon (1526)  Took 500 men, women, & children to Cape Fear River area  Tried to settle but is unsuccessful due to swamps & bugs  Move to present-day South Carolina  Fever & starvation killed many (including Ayllon)  150 survivors sailed back to Spain

Explorers The Slave Trade  During the 1500s the Spanish & Portuguese began buying slaves  They needed the laborers to help with the work in the “new world.”  Most slaves were prisoners captured by other Africans. The Columbian Exchange (p.44)  Movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres  Positive effects were the sharing of new resources  Negative effects were that more than 20 million Native Americans in Mexico died and total population decreased by 90-95% from (No immunity)

Explorers Hernando de Soto ( )  Was a soldier with Pizarro in Peru  Led a search through the southern US to find more gold and riches  De Soto and 600 men landed in Tampa, FL with 200 horses and hundreds of pigs for food  They forced Native Americans to unload the ship and carry supplies as they traveled.  They wore full armor and clothing in the hot, southern summer.  They traveled from FL through GA, SC and into the NC mountains. (p.51)  While in the NC mountains, the Natives treated them with hospitality.  They traveled west, and became the first Europeans to see the Mississippi River.

Explorers Jean Ribaut ( )  After De Soto didn’t find any “treasures” in the SE U.S., France saw this as their chance to take action.  French protestants (Huguenots) sailed towards the US under navigator, Jean Ribaut.  After landing in St. Augustine, they sailed northwards and built a fort around present-day Beaufort, SC or Parris Island  Ribaut returned to France for supplies, but the colony was failing.  Colonists made their own boat and sailed for home, but had to be rescued by English.

Columbian Exchange PositiveNegative Tell what item brought by the exchange was a positive and a negative and who/what benefited or was hurt by it. Also, include a small drawing/picture to represent at least half of the items discussed. Should contain at least 7 positives and 3 negatives. Potatoes – brought to Europe that helped save a starving population

Explorers Rene’ de Laudonniere (1564)  France decided to try another settlement in FL  They created Fort Caroline, near Jacksonville, FL  None of them knew how to hunt, fish, or farm.  Failure as a colony! Pedro Menendez (1565)  Spain was upset by France’s settlement close to Spain’s claimed land.  Sent warships to destroy Fort Caroline  Spain killed the Huguenots.  Menendez led victory and set up St. Augustine – successful!

Explorers Pedro de Coronas (1566)  Sent by Spain to protect area from French  Intended to land near Chesapeake Bay in Virginia, but hurricane beached them near Currituck Peninsula in NC.  Claimed land for Spain and continue north but had to stop in NC, again, and claimed that land for Spain, too. Juan Pardo (1566)  Sent to find a land route to Spain’s gold mines in Mexico  Landed off coast of SC  Followed part of de Soto’s previous path, but unsuccessful and headed back to SC.

Explorers Spain gives up!  In 1570, Spanish establish a mission in Chesapeake Bay area, but a few months later, all are killed by Native Americans.  Spain decides to stop trying to spread Christianity and give up most of claimed land and outposts.  This gives the English a chance to make settlements and claim lands!