Anomalies of low multipoles of WMAP and Planck missions: what are they ? Oleg Verkhodanov Special astrophysical observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP, NASA) 2001-2011 5 frequencies: 23, 33, 41, 61, 94 GHz Best determination of cosmological parameters in 2011 !

Planck mission, ESA Low Frequency Instrument: 30,44,70 HFI: 100, 143, 217, 353, 545, 857 GHz 2010-2013 1) 2) Zeldovich-Sunyaev effect 3) Gravitational waves in the B-mode of polarization ?

Observations

Data analysis of CMB Registration: time odered data: T(t)=T(l,b) Pixelization: map-making and restoration data in pixels Component separation Multipole analysis Pixel statistics of the CMB map Angular power spectrum analysis and determination of cosmological parameters

Component separation

WMAP observational bands

Component separation: Signal = (CMB + Synchrotron+dust+FreeFree+radiosouces)*Beam + Noise

Two basic properties of CMB: 1) Black body emission — same temperature at all wavelengthes; 2) Correlation of CMB and foregrounds should be close to zero: because CMB is a random gaussian process

The maps WMAP 9, Lmax=150 (Hinshaw et al., 2012) Planck collaboration, 2013 Planck, Lmax=150 Lmax = 150

Masks

Angular power spectrum of CMB

The spectra WMAP 9, 2012 Planck 2013

Let us go to data

Legacy Planck Archive (LPA) http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?page=Planck_Legacy_Archive&project=planck 1) 4 CMB maps 2) maps at observational bands (30, 44, 70, 100, 143, 217, 353,545, 857 GHz) 3) CO emission maps 4) Maps of dust 5) Maps of galactic low frequency emission (synchrotron + free-free) 6) Zodiac light maps 7) Maps of gravitational lensing 8) y-comptonization maps 9) Masks

Planck maps Observational frequency maps 30GHz 44GHz 70GHz 100GHz

Planck maps: component separation

Legacy Planck Archive (LPA) http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?page=Planck_Legacy_Archive&project=planck

Maps WMAP9 of Planck mission

Power spectrum

Cosmological results: WMAP9 and Planck data http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov No revolution...

CMB for neutrino parameters 1) 2) 3) 4)

«Bad» spots...

WMAP CMB anomalies 1) Cold Spot 2) Axis of Evil 3) Primirdial non-gaussinity (low limit by Planck data) 4) Violation of the power spectrum parity 5) Asymmetry 'North — South' in galactic coordinate system 6) New anomaly: too low amplitude of low harmonics

Let us look at some anomalies...

Cold Spot (Rudnick et al., 2007) CMB NVSS Radio sources Cold Spot < -5sigma (Rudnick et al., 2007) Part of octupole 1) Huge Sachs-Wolfe effect (Rudnick et al, 2007) 2) Anistropic expansion (Jaffe et al., 2005) 3) Topological defect [texture] (Cruz et al., 2007,2008, Planck 2013 ?) 4) Artifact ? 5) Galactic phenomena (M.Hansen et al., 2012)

Axis of Evil

Problems of WMAP quadrupole Axis of Evil: planarity + alignment (Land & Magueijo, 2005) Amplitude

What is the reason ? 1) Component separation (Doroshkevich, Verkhodanov, 2010) 2) Kouper Belt (Hansen et al. 2011) 3) Moving in Local Group of galaxies? (Tegmark et al., 2004) 4) Something else... 5) It is absent...

Axis of Evil (Planck data) Copi et al., arXiv:1311.4562: direction of our motion exists

Primordial non-gaussianity ?

Primordial non-gaussianity ? 1) Obtained with bispectrum 2) Low multimoples anomalies exist

Low multipoles in Planck

Low multipoles in WMAP L=2 L=3 L=4 L=6 L=7 L=5 L=8 L=9 L=10

Asimmetry North-South Planck CMB CMB and Bianchi 7h anisotropy model ?

Violation of power spectrum parity

Power spectrum and separate multipoles

Maps, L<=100 SMICA NILC SEVEM WMAP9

Power spectrum C(l), l<=50 Planck, WMAP

L=5 - WMAP Planck, SMICA =

L=7 - WMAP Planck, SMICA =

L=11 - WMAP Planck, SMICA =

L=70 Planck, SMICA NILC WMAP SEVEM

with Suynaev-Zeldovich effect ? Cosmology with Suynaev-Zeldovich effect ? Problem with cluster parameters ? Planck: optic and mm/submm centers differ from X-ray.

Missed sources in the Planck data: radio sources at sigma level < 3 sigma Awaited source of the secondary anistropy: >20000 radio galaxies ? 0015+0501 0226+0512 0311+0507, z=4.514 1113+0436 RG in cluster ? 0427+0457 0225+0506 0302+0456

SZ-effect

30 44 70 CMB 100 143 217 353 545 0702+0440 0748+0452 0756+0506 0924+0508 1022+0450

Observational channel of 217 GHz: what is unusual ?

Data of 217 GHz: what is unusual ? 1) Very close to CMB map outside the Galactic plane, but let us remember WMAP bands:

Data of 217 GHz: what is unusual ? 1) Close to the CMB map 2) Calibration problem ? (Spergel et al., arXiv:1312.3313) If remove the 217 GHz channel, then it can be obtained accurate restoration of the WMAP cosmology

Stephen Hawking «stamp» :) WMAP Planck,SMICA

Summary What have we wait for ? and what to do ? 1) WMAP and Planck data have practically the same low multipole anomalies 2) The difference of power spectra looks like one due to systematic effects of maps prepartion 3) We are waiting for a new release in June 2014: Maps of temperature anisotropy and polarization 4) Data are comparatively good (in resolution and sensetivity) when we take into account strangeness

Корреляция: (Chаnnel — CMB) * CMB

Карты (и их характеристика)

Карты SMICA NILC SEVEM

Фазы

Фазы SMICA NILC SEVEM

Фазы, L<=4096 SMICA SEVEM

Фазы, L<=256 SMICA SEVEM

Чтобы не забыть... WMAP: 2 карты Тегмарка (Chiang et al. 2003)

Космологические результаты WMAP9 и Planck http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov Революции нет ... Так это прекрасно !

Приложения

Приложение 1. Мультипольное разложение

Multipole expansion L = 2 (quadrupole) L =3 (octupole) L = 5 L = 4

Квадруполь = + L=2 (2,0) + + (2,1) (2,2)

Октуполь = + L=3 (3,0) + + (3,1) (3,2) (3,3)

Приложение 2: негауссовость Для простейшей инфляционной модели Возмущения плотности -> возмущения CMB: Первичная негауссовость