UNFIGURE 0.1.

FIGURE 1.1. Dimensions of some example cells. 1 mm = 10 −3 m; 1 µm = 10 −6 m; 1 nm = 10 −9 m.

FIGURE 1.2. Cell structure as seen through the light and transmission electron microscopes.

FIGURE 1.3. Basic design of light and electron microscopes.

FIGURE 1.4. A simple upright light microscope.

FIGURE 1.5. Human blood cells viewed by bright-field (A) and phasecontrast (B) light microscopy. Thin extensions of the white blood cell are clear in the phase contrast image but invisible in the bright field image. (C) and (D) are phase contrast images acquired 2 and 5 minutes after addition of a formyl methionine peptide (see page 128). The white blood cell is activated and begins crawling to the right.

FIGURE 1.6. Preparation of tissue for electron microscopy.

UNFIGURE 1.1.

FIGURE 1.7. Transmission electron micrograph of a capillary blood vessel running between heart muscle cells. Image by Giorgio Gabella, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London. Reproduced by permission.

FIGURE 1.8. Scanning electron micrograph of airway epithelium. Image by Giorgio Gabella, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London. Reproduced by permission.

FIGURE 1.9. Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

FIGURE The tree of life. The diagram shows the currently accepted view of how the different types of organism arose from a common ancestor. Many minor groups have been omitted. Distance up the page should not be taken as indicating complexity or how ‘‘advanced’’ the organisms are. All organisms living today represent lineages that have had the same amount of time to evolve and change from the last universal common ancestor.

FIGURE Different types of animal cells.

FIGURE Tissues and structures of the intestine wall.

UNFIGURE 1.2.