MICROSCOPE/CELLS

I. Microscope A. Parts 1. Eyepiece – part you look through; 10x 2. Coarse Adj. – focuses; moves stage up & down 3. Fine Adj. – focuses clearly 4. arm – supports lenses 5. base – supports microscope 6. stage – supports slide

7. stage clips – holds slide in place 8. low power – 10x (x 10) = 100x 9. high power – 40x (x 10) = 400x 10. diaphragm – controls amt. entering lt. 11. light source – sends light thru slide B. Care – use 2 hands, set scope away from edge, start on low power using only c.a. 1 st & then f.a., then high power (f.a. only), keep clean, turn off light C. Calc. Mag. – eyepiece x power

How to Use a Microscope – 1:11

II. Characteristics of Living Things A. Cells B. Organized C. Use energy (cell respiration) for growth & Maintenance D. Respond to Stimuli

E. Growth – cells enlarge & divide F. Reproduce – asexual (1 parent  2 identical offspring) or sexual (2 parents  1 different offspring G. Adapt – adjust to environment

III. Cells: cytology – study of cells A.History 1. Hooke – coined the term “cell” 2. Schleiden & Schwann – cell theory: all living things, except for viruses, are made of cells

B. Types 1. Prokaryotic – w/o distinct cell parts; ex. Bacteria 2. Eukaryotic – w/ distinct cell parts; ex. Plants & animals

C. Structures Parts visible w/light microscope 1. Cell membrane – “semi-permeable” – lets some things in & out; B 2. Cytoplasm – cell fluid; B

3. Nucleus – control center; B a. nuclear membrane b. nucleoplasm c. nucleolus – makes ribosomes d. chromosomes – genetic material; made of DNA

4. Cell Wall – outer wall of plant; made of cellulose (fiber); P 5. Chloroplasts – site of photosynthesis; P 6. Amyloplasts – store starch (some P); Chromoplasts – store colored pigments to help absorb energy – involved in colorful fall foliage

7. Mitochondria – “powerhouse of the cell”; site of cell respiration; B Rxn: C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + energy (stored as ATP)

8. Endoplasmic reticulum (e.r.) – “transport system”; B 9. Ribosomes – proteins made here; B 10. Golgi body – “Go-between”; packages & transports materials; B

11. Lysosomes – digestive/”suicide sacs”; A 12. Vacuoles – storage sacs; big in plants;B 13. Centrioles – involved in cell division; A

Structures of Cells – 5:11

Plant vs. animal cells

Plant vs. Animal Cells – 6:05

D. Organization 1. animals: Cells  Tissues  Organs  Systems 2. plants: Cells  Tissues  Tissue Systems  Organs

THE END!!